36 files changed, 1504 insertions, 1211 deletions
diff --git a/Timeline.Tests/Controllers/TokenControllerTest.cs b/Timeline.Tests/Controllers/TokenControllerTest.cs
index 71520e77..53b6c606 100644
--- a/Timeline.Tests/Controllers/TokenControllerTest.cs
+++ b/Timeline.Tests/Controllers/TokenControllerTest.cs
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ namespace Timeline.Tests.Controllers
 
         public static IEnumerable<object[]> Verify_BadRequest_Data()
         {
-            yield return new object[] { new JwtTokenVerifyException(JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.Expired), Verify.Expired };
-            yield return new object[] { new JwtTokenVerifyException(JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.IdClaimBadFormat), Verify.BadFormat };
-            yield return new object[] { new BadTokenVersionException(), Verify.OldVersion };
+            yield return new object[] { new JwtVerifyException(JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.Expired), Verify.Expired };
+            yield return new object[] { new JwtVerifyException(JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.IdClaimBadFormat), Verify.BadFormat };
+            yield return new object[] { new JwtVerifyException(JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.OldVersion), Verify.OldVersion };
             yield return new object[] { new UserNotExistException(), Verify.UserNotExist };
         }
 
diff --git a/Timeline.Tests/Controllers/UserControllerTest.cs b/Timeline.Tests/Controllers/UserControllerTest.cs
index ddbc3fbc..471ed851 100644
--- a/Timeline.Tests/Controllers/UserControllerTest.cs
+++ b/Timeline.Tests/Controllers/UserControllerTest.cs
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ namespace Timeline.Tests.Controllers
         }
 
         [Theory]
-        [InlineData(PutResult.Created, true)]
-        [InlineData(PutResult.Modified, false)]
+        [InlineData(PutResult.Create, true)]
+        [InlineData(PutResult.Modify, false)]
         public async Task Put_Success(PutResult result, bool create)
         {
             const string username = "aaa";
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Tests.Controllers
 
         [Theory]
         [InlineData(typeof(UserNotExistException), Op.ChangeUsername.NotExist)]
-        [InlineData(typeof(UserAlreadyExistException), Op.ChangeUsername.AlreadyExist)]
+        [InlineData(typeof(UsernameConfictException), Op.ChangeUsername.AlreadyExist)]
         public async Task Op_ChangeUsername_Failure(Type exceptionType, int code)
         {
             const string oldUsername = "aaa";
diff --git a/Timeline.Tests/IntegratedTests/UserDetailTest.cs b/Timeline.Tests/IntegratedTests/UserDetailTest.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d268efa..00000000
--- a/Timeline.Tests/IntegratedTests/UserDetailTest.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-using FluentAssertions;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing;
-using System;
-using System.Net;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Timeline.Controllers;
-using Timeline.Models;
-using Timeline.Tests.Helpers;
-using Timeline.Tests.Helpers.Authentication;
-using Timeline.Tests.Mock.Data;
-using Xunit;
-
-namespace Timeline.Tests.IntegratedTests
-{
-    public class UserDetailTest : IClassFixture<WebApplicationFactory<Startup>>, IDisposable
-    {
-        private readonly TestApplication _testApp;
-        private readonly WebApplicationFactory<Startup> _factory;
-
-        public UserDetailTest(WebApplicationFactory<Startup> factory)
-        {
-            _testApp = new TestApplication(factory);
-            _factory = _testApp.Factory;
-        }
-
-        public void Dispose()
-        {
-            _testApp.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public async Task TestAsUser()
-        {
-            using (var client = await _factory.CreateClientAsUser())
-            {
-                {
-                    var res = await client.GetAsync($"users/usernotexist/nickname");
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(404)
-                        .And.Should().HaveCommonBody().Which.Code.Should().Be(UserDetailController.ErrorCodes.GetNickname_UserNotExist);
-                }
-
-                {
-                    var res = await client.GetAsync($"users/usernotexist/details");
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(404)
-                        .And.Should().HaveCommonBody().Which.Code.Should().Be(UserDetailController.ErrorCodes.Get_UserNotExist);
-                }
-
-                async Task GetAndTest(UserDetail d)
-                {
-                    var res = await client.GetAsync($"users/{MockUser.User.Username}/details");
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(200)
-                        .And.Should().HaveJsonBody<UserDetail>()
-                        .Which.Should().BeEquivalentTo(d);
-                }
-
-                await GetAndTest(new UserDetail());
-
-                {
-                    var res = await client.PatchAsJsonAsync($"users/{MockUser.Admin.Username}/details", new UserDetail());
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)
-                        .And.Should().HaveCommonBody().Which.Code.Should().Be(UserDetailController.ErrorCodes.Patch_Forbid);
-                }
-
-                {
-                    var res = await client.PatchAsJsonAsync($"users/{MockUser.User.Username}/details", new UserDetail
-                    {
-                        Nickname = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa",
-                        QQ = "aaaaaaa",
-                        Email = "aaaaaa",
-                        PhoneNumber = "aaaaaaaa"
-                    });
-                    var body = res.Should().HaveStatusCode(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
-                        .And.Should().HaveCommonBody().Which;
-                    body.Code.Should().Be(ErrorCodes.Http.Common.InvalidModel);
-                    foreach (var key in new string[] { "nickname", "qq", "email", "phonenumber" })
-                    {
-                        body.Message.Should().ContainEquivalentOf(key);
-                    }
-                }
-
-
-                var detail = new UserDetail
-                {
-                    Nickname = "aaa",
-                    QQ = "1234567",
-                    Email = "aaaa@aaa.net",
-                    Description = "aaaaaaaaa"
-                };
-
-                {
-                    var res = await client.PatchAsJsonAsync($"users/{MockUser.User.Username}/details", detail);
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(200);
-                    await GetAndTest(detail);
-                }
-
-                {
-                    var res = await client.GetAsync($"users/{MockUser.User.Username}/nickname");
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(200).And.Should().HaveJsonBody<UserDetail>()
-                        .Which.Should().BeEquivalentTo(new UserDetail
-                        {
-                            Nickname = detail.Nickname
-                        });
-                }
-
-                var detail2 = new UserDetail
-                {
-                    QQ = "",
-                    PhoneNumber = "12345678910",
-                    Description = "bbbbbbbb"
-                };
-
-                {
-                    var res = await client.PatchAsJsonAsync($"users/{MockUser.User.Username}/details", detail2);
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(200);
-                    await GetAndTest(new UserDetail
-                    {
-                        Nickname = detail.Nickname,
-                        QQ = null,
-                        Email = detail.Email,
-                        PhoneNumber = detail2.PhoneNumber,
-                        Description = detail2.Description
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public async Task TestAsAdmin()
-        {
-            using (var client = await _factory.CreateClientAsAdmin())
-            {
-                {
-                    var res = await client.PatchAsJsonAsync($"users/{MockUser.User.Username}/details", new UserDetail());
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(200);
-                }
-
-                {
-                    var res = await client.PatchAsJsonAsync($"users/usernotexist/details", new UserDetail());
-                    res.Should().HaveStatusCode(404)
-                        .And.Should().HaveCommonBody().Which.Code.Should().Be(UserDetailController.ErrorCodes.Patch_UserNotExist);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Timeline.Tests/UserDetailServiceTest.cs b/Timeline.Tests/UserDetailServiceTest.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index d16d1a40..00000000
--- a/Timeline.Tests/UserDetailServiceTest.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-using FluentAssertions;
-using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
-using System;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Timeline.Entities;
-using Timeline.Models;
-using Timeline.Services;
-using Timeline.Tests.Helpers;
-using Timeline.Tests.Mock.Data;
-using Xunit;
-
-namespace Timeline.Tests
-{
-    public class UserDetailServiceTest : IDisposable
-    {
-        private readonly TestDatabase _database;
-
-        private readonly UserDetailService _service;
-
-        public UserDetailServiceTest()
-        {
-            _database = new TestDatabase();
-
-            _service = new UserDetailService(NullLogger<UserDetailService>.Instance, _database.DatabaseContext);
-        }
-
-        public void Dispose()
-        {
-            _database.Dispose();
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void GetNickname_ShouldThrow_ArgumentException()
-        {
-            // no need to await because arguments are checked syncronizedly.
-            _service.Invoking(s => s.GetUserNickname(null)).Should().Throw<ArgumentException>()
-                .Where(e => e.ParamName == "username" && e.Message.Contains("null", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-            _service.Invoking(s => s.GetUserNickname("")).Should().Throw<ArgumentException>()
-                .Where(e => e.ParamName == "username" && e.Message.Contains("empty", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void GetNickname_ShouldThrow_UserNotExistException()
-        {
-            const string username = "usernotexist";
-            _service.Awaiting(s => s.GetUserNickname(username)).Should().Throw<UserNotExistException>()
-                .Where(e => e.Username == username);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public async Task GetNickname_Should_Create_And_ReturnDefault()
-        {
-            {
-                var nickname = await _service.GetUserNickname(MockUser.User.Username);
-                nickname.Should().BeNull();
-            }
-
-            {
-                var context = _database.DatabaseContext;
-                var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(context.Users, MockUser.User.Username);
-                var detail = context.UserDetails.Where(e => e.UserId == userId).Single();
-                detail.Nickname.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-                detail.QQ.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-                detail.Email.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-                detail.PhoneNumber.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-                detail.Description.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Theory]
-        [InlineData(null)]
-        [InlineData("")]
-        [InlineData("nickname")]
-        public async Task GetNickname_Should_ReturnData(string nickname)
-        {
-            {
-                var context = _database.DatabaseContext;
-                var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(context.Users, MockUser.User.Username);
-                var entity = new UserDetailEntity
-                {
-                    Nickname = nickname,
-                    UserId = userId
-                };
-                context.Add(entity);
-                await context.SaveChangesAsync();
-            }
-
-            {
-                var n = await _service.GetUserNickname(MockUser.User.Username);
-                n.Should().Equals(string.IsNullOrEmpty(nickname) ? null : nickname);
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void GetDetail_ShouldThrow_ArgumentException()
-        {
-            // no need to await because arguments are checked syncronizedly.
-            _service.Invoking(s => s.GetUserDetail(null)).Should().Throw<ArgumentException>()
-                .Where(e => e.ParamName == "username" && e.Message.Contains("null", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-            _service.Invoking(s => s.GetUserDetail("")).Should().Throw<ArgumentException>()
-                .Where(e => e.ParamName == "username" && e.Message.Contains("empty", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void GetDetail_ShouldThrow_UserNotExistException()
-        {
-            const string username = "usernotexist";
-            _service.Awaiting(s => s.GetUserDetail(username)).Should().Throw<UserNotExistException>()
-                .Where(e => e.Username == username);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public async Task GetDetail_Should_Create_And_ReturnDefault()
-        {
-            {
-                var detail = await _service.GetUserDetail(MockUser.User.Username);
-                detail.Should().BeEquivalentTo(new UserDetail());
-            }
-
-            {
-                var context = _database.DatabaseContext;
-                var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(context.Users, MockUser.User.Username);
-                var detail = context.UserDetails.Where(e => e.UserId == userId).Single();
-                detail.Nickname.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-                detail.QQ.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-                detail.Email.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-                detail.PhoneNumber.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-                detail.Description.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public async Task GetDetail_Should_ReturnData()
-        {
-            const string email = "ha@aaa.net";
-            const string description = "hahaha";
-
-
-            {
-                var context = _database.DatabaseContext;
-                var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(context.Users, MockUser.User.Username);
-                var entity = new UserDetailEntity
-                {
-                    Email = email,
-                    Description = description,
-                    UserId = userId
-                };
-                context.Add(entity);
-                await context.SaveChangesAsync();
-            }
-
-            {
-                var detail = await _service.GetUserDetail(MockUser.User.Username);
-                detail.Should().BeEquivalentTo(new UserDetail
-                {
-                    Email = email,
-                    Description = description
-                });
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void UpdateDetail_ShouldThrow_ArgumentException()
-        {
-            // no need to await because arguments are checked syncronizedly.
-            _service.Invoking(s => s.UpdateUserDetail(null, new UserDetail())).Should().Throw<ArgumentException>()
-                .Where(e => e.ParamName == "username" && e.Message.Contains("null", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-            _service.Invoking(s => s.UpdateUserDetail("", new UserDetail())).Should().Throw<ArgumentException>()
-                .Where(e => e.ParamName == "username" && e.Message.Contains("empty", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
-            _service.Invoking(s => s.UpdateUserDetail("aaa", null)).Should().Throw<ArgumentException>()
-                .Where(e => e.ParamName == "detail");
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void UpdateDetail_ShouldThrow_UserNotExistException()
-        {
-            const string username = "usernotexist";
-            _service.Awaiting(s => s.UpdateUserDetail(username, new UserDetail())).Should().Throw<UserNotExistException>()
-                .Where(e => e.Username == username);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public async Task UpdateDetail_Empty_Should_Work()
-        {
-            await _service.UpdateUserDetail(MockUser.User.Username, new UserDetail());
-
-            var context = _database.DatabaseContext;
-            var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(context.Users, MockUser.User.Username);
-            var entity = context.UserDetails.Where(e => e.UserId == userId).Single();
-            entity.Nickname.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-            entity.QQ.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-            entity.Email.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-            entity.PhoneNumber.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-            entity.Description.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-        }
-
-        [Theory]
-        [InlineData(nameof(UserDetail.Nickname), nameof(UserDetailEntity.Nickname), "aaaa", "bbbb")]
-        [InlineData(nameof(UserDetail.QQ), nameof(UserDetailEntity.QQ), "12345678910", "987654321")]
-        [InlineData(nameof(UserDetail.Email), nameof(UserDetailEntity.Email), "aaa@aaa.aaa", "bbb@bbb.bbb")]
-        [InlineData(nameof(UserDetail.PhoneNumber), nameof(UserDetailEntity.PhoneNumber), "12345678910", "987654321")]
-        [InlineData(nameof(UserDetail.Description), nameof(UserDetailEntity.Description), "descriptionA", "descriptionB")]
-        public async Task UpdateDetail_Single_Should_Work(string propertyName, string entityPropertyName, string mockData1, string mockData2)
-        {
-
-            UserDetail CreateWith(string propertyValue)
-            {
-                var detail = new UserDetail();
-                typeof(UserDetail).GetProperty(propertyName).SetValue(detail, propertyValue);
-                return detail;
-            }
-
-            await _service.UpdateUserDetail(MockUser.User.Username, CreateWith(mockData1));
-
-            var context = _database.DatabaseContext;
-            var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(context.Users, MockUser.User.Username);
-            var entity = context.UserDetails.Where(e => e.UserId == userId).Single();
-
-            void TestWith(string propertyValue)
-            {
-                typeof(UserDetailEntity).GetProperty(entityPropertyName).GetValue(entity).Should().Equals(propertyValue);
-                foreach (var p in typeof(UserDetailEntity).GetProperties().Where(p => p.Name != entityPropertyName))
-                    (p.GetValue(entity) as string).Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-            }
-
-            TestWith(mockData1);
-
-            await _service.UpdateUserDetail(MockUser.User.Username, CreateWith(mockData2));
-            TestWith(mockData2);
-            await _service.UpdateUserDetail(MockUser.User.Username, CreateWith(""));
-            TestWith("");
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public async Task UpdateDetail_Multiple_Should_Work()
-        {
-            var detail = new UserDetail
-            {
-                QQ = "12345678",
-                Email = "aaa@aaa.aaa",
-                PhoneNumber = "11111111111",
-                Description = "aaaaaaaaaa"
-            };
-
-            await _service.UpdateUserDetail(MockUser.User.Username, detail);
-
-            var context = _database.DatabaseContext;
-            var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(context.Users, MockUser.User.Username);
-            var entity = context.UserDetails.Where(e => e.UserId == userId).Single();
-            entity.QQ.Should().Equals(detail.QQ);
-            entity.Email.Should().Equals(detail.Email);
-            entity.PhoneNumber.Should().Equals(detail.PhoneNumber);
-            entity.Description.Should().Equals(detail.Description);
-
-            var detail2 = new UserDetail
-            {
-                QQ = null,
-                Email = "bbb@bbb.bbb",
-                PhoneNumber = "",
-                Description = "bbbbbbbbb"
-            };
-
-            await _service.UpdateUserDetail(MockUser.User.Username, detail2);
-            entity.QQ.Should().Equals(detail.QQ);
-            entity.Email.Should().Equals(detail2.Email);
-            entity.PhoneNumber.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
-            entity.Description.Should().Equals(detail2.Description);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Timeline.Tests/UserDetailValidatorTest.cs b/Timeline.Tests/UserDetailValidatorTest.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b112946..00000000
--- a/Timeline.Tests/UserDetailValidatorTest.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-using FluentAssertions;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using Timeline.Models.Validation;
-using Xunit;
-
-namespace Timeline.Tests
-{
-    public static class UserDetailValidatorsTest
-    {
-        private static void SucceedWith<TValidator>(object value) where TValidator : class, IValidator, new()
-        {
-            var result = new TValidator().Validate(value, out var message);
-            result.Should().BeTrue();
-            message.Should().Equals(ValidationConstants.SuccessMessage);
-        }
-
-        private static void FailWith<TValidator>(object value, params string[] messageContains) where TValidator : class, IValidator, new()
-        {
-            var result = new TValidator().Validate(value, out var message);
-            result.Should().BeFalse();
-
-            foreach (var m in messageContains)
-            {
-                message.Should().ContainEquivalentOf(m);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public class QQ
-        {
-            [Theory]
-            [InlineData(null)]
-            [InlineData("")]
-            [InlineData("12345678")]
-            public void Success(object qq)
-            {
-                SucceedWith<UserDetailValidators.QQValidator>(qq);
-            }
-
-            [Theory]
-            [InlineData(123, "type")]
-            [InlineData("123", "short")]
-            [InlineData("111111111111111111111111111111111111", "long")]
-            [InlineData("aaaaaaaa", "digit")]
-            public void Fail(object qq, string messageContains)
-            {
-                FailWith<UserDetailValidators.QQValidator>(qq, messageContains);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public class EMail
-        {
-            [Theory]
-            [InlineData(null)]
-            [InlineData("")]
-            [InlineData("aaa@aaa.net")]
-            public void Success(object email)
-            {
-                SucceedWith<UserDetailValidators.EMailValidator>(email);
-            }
-
-            public static IEnumerable<object[]> FailTestData()
-            {
-                yield return new object[] { 123, "type" };
-                yield return new object[] { new string('a', 100), "long" };
-                yield return new object[] { "aaaaaaaa", "format" };
-            }
-
-            [Theory]
-            [MemberData(nameof(FailTestData))]
-            public void Fail(object email, string messageContains)
-            {
-                FailWith<UserDetailValidators.EMailValidator>(email, messageContains);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public class PhoneNumber
-        {
-            [Theory]
-            [InlineData(null)]
-            [InlineData("")]
-            [InlineData("12345678910")]
-            public void Success(object phoneNumber)
-            {
-                SucceedWith<UserDetailValidators.PhoneNumberValidator>(phoneNumber);
-            }
-
-            [Theory]
-            [InlineData(123, "type")]
-            [InlineData("111111111111111111111111111111111111", "long")]
-            [InlineData("aaaaaaaa", "digit")]
-            public void Fail(object phoneNumber, string messageContains)
-            {
-                FailWith<UserDetailValidators.PhoneNumberValidator>(phoneNumber, messageContains);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Timeline.Tests/UsernameValidatorUnitTest.cs b/Timeline.Tests/UsernameValidatorUnitTest.cs
index 6a635ba1..9a80a3a2 100644
--- a/Timeline.Tests/UsernameValidatorUnitTest.cs
+++ b/Timeline.Tests/UsernameValidatorUnitTest.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using FluentAssertions;
 using Timeline.Models.Validation;
+using Timeline.Tests.Mock.Services;
 using Xunit;
 
 namespace Timeline.Tests
@@ -15,14 +16,14 @@ namespace Timeline.Tests
 
         private string FailAndMessage(string username)
         {
-            var result = _validator.Validate(username, out var message);
+            var result = _validator.Validate(username, TestStringLocalizerFactory.Create(), out var message);
             result.Should().BeFalse();
             return message;
         }
 
         private void Succeed(string username)
         {
-            _validator.Validate(username, out var message).Should().BeTrue();
+            _validator.Validate(username, TestStringLocalizerFactory.Create(), out var message).Should().BeTrue();
             message.Should().Be(ValidationConstants.SuccessMessage);
         }
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Tests
         [Fact]
         public void NotString()
         {
-            var result = _validator.Validate(123, out var message);
+            var result = _validator.Validate(123, TestStringLocalizerFactory.Create(), out var message);
             result.Should().BeFalse();
             message.Should().ContainEquivalentOf("type");
         }
diff --git a/Timeline/Controllers/TokenController.cs b/Timeline/Controllers/TokenController.cs
index cf32a562..4e32d26f 100644
--- a/Timeline/Controllers/TokenController.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Controllers/TokenController.cs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ using Timeline.Services;
 using Timeline.Helpers;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;
 using System.Globalization;
+using static Timeline.Resources.Controllers.TokenController;
 
 namespace Timeline
 {
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
         {
             void LogFailure(string reason, Exception? e = null)
             {
-                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(_localizer["LogCreateFailure"],
+                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(LogCreateFailure,
                     ("Reason", reason),
                     ("Username", request.Username),
                     ("Password", request.Password),
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
 
                 var result = await _userService.CreateToken(request.Username, request.Password, expireTime);
 
-                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(_localizer["LogCreateSuccess"],
+                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(LogCreateSuccess,
                     ("Username", request.Username),
                     ("Expire At", expireTime?.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture.DateTimeFormat) ?? "default")
                 ));
@@ -88,13 +89,13 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
             }
             catch (UserNotExistException e)
             {
-                LogFailure(_localizer["LogUserNotExist"], e);
+                LogFailure(LogUserNotExist, e);
                 return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Http.Token.Create.BadCredential,
                     _localizer["ErrorBadCredential"]));
             }
             catch (BadPasswordException e)
             {
-                LogFailure(_localizer["LogBadPassword"], e);
+                LogFailure(LogBadPassword, e);
                 return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Http.Token.Create.BadCredential,
                      _localizer["ErrorBadCredential"]));
             }
@@ -110,49 +111,50 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
                 properties[0] = ("Reason", reason);
                 properties[1] = ("Token", request.Token);
                 otherProperties.CopyTo(properties, 2);
-                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(_localizer["LogVerifyFailure"], properties));
+                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(LogVerifyFailure, properties));
             }
 
             try
             {
                 var result = await _userService.VerifyToken(request.Token);
-                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(_localizer["LogVerifySuccess"],
+                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(LogVerifySuccess,
                     ("Username", result.Username), ("Token", request.Token)));
                 return Ok(new VerifyTokenResponse
                 {
                     User = result
                 });
             }
-            catch (JwtTokenVerifyException e)
+            catch (JwtVerifyException e)
             {
-                if (e.ErrorCode == JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.Expired)
+                if (e.ErrorCode == JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.Expired)
                 {
                     var innerException = e.InnerException as SecurityTokenExpiredException;
-                    LogFailure(_localizer["LogVerifyExpire"], e, ("Expires", innerException?.Expires),
+                    LogFailure(LogVerifyExpire, e, ("Expires", innerException?.Expires),
                         ("Current Time", _clock.GetCurrentTime()));
                     return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(
                         ErrorCodes.Http.Token.Verify.Expired, _localizer["ErrorVerifyExpire"]));
                 }
+                else if (e.ErrorCode == JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.OldVersion)
+                {
+                    var innerException = e.InnerException as JwtBadVersionException;
+                    LogFailure(LogVerifyOldVersion, e,
+                        ("Token Version", innerException?.TokenVersion), ("Required Version", innerException?.RequiredVersion));
+                    return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(
+                        ErrorCodes.Http.Token.Verify.OldVersion, _localizer["ErrorVerifyOldVersion"]));
+                }
                 else
                 {
-                    LogFailure(_localizer["LogVerifyBadFormat"], e);
+                    LogFailure(LogVerifyBadFormat, e);
                     return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(
                         ErrorCodes.Http.Token.Verify.BadFormat, _localizer["ErrorVerifyBadFormat"]));
                 }
             }
             catch (UserNotExistException e)
             {
-                LogFailure(_localizer["LogVerifyUserNotExist"], e);
+                LogFailure(LogVerifyUserNotExist, e);
                 return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(
                     ErrorCodes.Http.Token.Verify.UserNotExist, _localizer["ErrorVerifyUserNotExist"]));
             }
-            catch (BadTokenVersionException e)
-            {
-                LogFailure(_localizer["LogVerifyOldVersion"], e,
-                    ("Token Version", e.TokenVersion), ("Required Version", e.RequiredVersion));
-                return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(
-                    ErrorCodes.Http.Token.Verify.OldVersion, _localizer["ErrorVerifyOldVersion"]));
-            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Timeline/Controllers/UserController.cs b/Timeline/Controllers/UserController.cs
index 6afc890c..b8d1d659 100644
--- a/Timeline/Controllers/UserController.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Controllers/UserController.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using Timeline.Helpers;
 using Timeline.Models;
 using Timeline.Models.Http;
 using Timeline.Services;
+using static Timeline.Resources.Controllers.UserController;
 
 namespace Timeline
 {
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
             var user = await _userService.GetUser(username);
             if (user == null)
             {
-                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(_localizer["LogGetUserNotExist"], ("Username", username)));
+                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(LogGetUserNotExist, ("Username", username)));
                 return NotFound(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Http.User.Get.NotExist, _localizer["ErrorGetUserNotExist"]));
             }
             return Ok(user);
@@ -96,11 +97,11 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
                 var result = await _userService.PutUser(username, request.Password, request.Administrator!.Value);
                 switch (result)
                 {
-                    case PutResult.Created:
-                        _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(_localizer["LogPutCreate"], ("Username", username)));
+                    case PutResult.Create:
+                        _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(LogPutCreate, ("Username", username)));
                         return CreatedAtAction("Get", new { username }, CommonPutResponse.Create(_localizerFactory));
-                    case PutResult.Modified:
-                        _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(_localizer["LogPutModify"], ("Username", username)));
+                    case PutResult.Modify:
+                        _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(LogPutModify, ("Username", username)));
                         return Ok(CommonPutResponse.Modify(_localizerFactory));
                     default:
                         throw new InvalidBranchException();
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
             }
             catch (UsernameBadFormatException e)
             {
-                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(_localizer["LogPutBadUsername"], ("Username", username)));
+                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(LogPutBadUsername, ("Username", username)));
                 return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Http.User.Put.BadUsername, _localizer["ErrorPutBadUsername"]));
             }
         }
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
             }
             catch (UserNotExistException e)
             {
-                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(_localizer["LogPatchUserNotExist"], ("Username", username)));
+                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(LogPatchUserNotExist, ("Username", username)));
                 return NotFound(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Http.User.Patch.NotExist, _localizer["ErrorPatchUserNotExist"]));
             }
         }
@@ -134,12 +135,12 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
             try
             {
                 await _userService.DeleteUser(username);
-                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(_localizer["LogDeleteDelete"], ("Username", username)));
+                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(LogDeleteDelete, ("Username", username)));
                 return Ok(CommonDeleteResponse.Delete(_localizerFactory));
             }
             catch (UserNotExistException e)
             {
-                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(_localizer["LogDeleteUserNotExist"], ("Username", username)));
+                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(LogDeleteNotExist, ("Username", username)));
                 return Ok(CommonDeleteResponse.NotExist(_localizerFactory));
             }
         }
@@ -150,19 +151,19 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
             try
             {
                 await _userService.ChangeUsername(request.OldUsername, request.NewUsername);
-                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(_localizer["LogChangeUsernameSuccess"],
+                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(LogChangeUsernameSuccess,
                     ("Old Username", request.OldUsername), ("New Username", request.NewUsername)));
                 return Ok();
             }
             catch (UserNotExistException e)
             {
-                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(_localizer["LogChangeUsernameNotExist"],
+                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(LogChangeUsernameNotExist,
                     ("Old Username", request.OldUsername), ("New Username", request.NewUsername)));
                 return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Http.User.Op.ChangeUsername.NotExist, _localizer["ErrorChangeUsernameNotExist", request.OldUsername]));
             }
-            catch (UserAlreadyExistException e)
+            catch (UsernameConfictException e)
             {
-                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(_localizer["LogChangeUsernameAlreadyExist"],
+                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(LogChangeUsernameAlreadyExist,
                     ("Old Username", request.OldUsername), ("New Username", request.NewUsername)));
                 return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Http.User.Op.ChangeUsername.AlreadyExist, _localizer["ErrorChangeUsernameAlreadyExist"]));
             }
@@ -175,12 +176,12 @@ namespace Timeline.Controllers
             try
             {
                 await _userService.ChangePassword(User.Identity.Name!, request.OldPassword, request.NewPassword);
-                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(_localizer["LogChangePasswordSuccess"], ("Username", User.Identity.Name)));
+                _logger.LogInformation(Log.Format(LogChangePasswordSuccess, ("Username", User.Identity.Name)));
                 return Ok();
             }
             catch (BadPasswordException e)
             {
-                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(_localizer["LogChangePasswordBadPassword"],
+                _logger.LogInformation(e, Log.Format(LogChangePasswordBadPassword,
                     ("Username", User.Identity.Name), ("Old Password", request.OldPassword)));
                 return BadRequest(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Http.User.Op.ChangePassword.BadOldPassword,
                     _localizer["ErrorChangePasswordBadPassword"]));
diff --git a/Timeline/Controllers/UserDetailController.cs b/Timeline/Controllers/UserDetailController.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e1183c1..00000000
--- a/Timeline/Controllers/UserDetailController.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
-using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Timeline.Authenticate;
-using Timeline.Models;
-using Timeline.Models.Http;
-using Timeline.Services;
-
-namespace Timeline.Controllers
-{
-    [Route("users/{username}")]
-    [ProducesErrorResponseType(typeof(CommonResponse))]
-    [ApiController]
-    public class UserDetailController : Controller
-    {
-        public static class ErrorCodes
-        {
-            public const int Get_UserNotExist = -1001;
-
-            public const int Patch_Forbid = -2001;
-            public const int Patch_UserNotExist = -2002;
-
-            public const int GetNickname_UserNotExist = -3001;
-        }
-
-        private readonly ILogger<UserDetailController> _logger;
-        private readonly IUserDetailService _service;
-
-        public UserDetailController(ILogger<UserDetailController> logger, IUserDetailService service)
-        {
-            _logger = logger;
-            _service = service;
-        }
-
-        [HttpGet("nickname")]
-        [UserAuthorize]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK, Type = typeof(UserDetail))]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
-        public async Task<IActionResult> GetNickname([FromRoute] string username)
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                var nickname = await _service.GetUserNickname(username);
-                return Ok(new UserDetail
-                {
-                    Nickname = nickname
-                });
-            }
-            catch (UserNotExistException)
-            {
-                return NotFound(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.GetNickname_UserNotExist, "The user does not exist."));
-            }
-        }
-
-        [HttpGet("details")]
-        [UserAuthorize]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK, Type = typeof(UserDetail))]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
-        public async Task<IActionResult> Get([FromRoute] string username)
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                var detail = await _service.GetUserDetail(username);
-                return Ok(detail);
-            }
-            catch (UserNotExistException)
-            {
-                return NotFound(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Get_UserNotExist, "The user does not exist."));
-            }
-        }
-
-        [HttpPatch("details")]
-        [Authorize]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK, Type = typeof(void))]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden)]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
-        public async Task<IActionResult> Patch([FromRoute] string username, [FromBody] UserDetail detail)
-        {
-            if (!User.IsAdmin() && User.Identity.Name != username)
-                return StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden, new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Patch_Forbid, "You can't change other's details unless you are admin."));
-
-            try
-            {
-                await _service.UpdateUserDetail(username, detail);
-                return Ok();
-            }
-            catch (UserNotExistException)
-            {
-                return NotFound(new CommonResponse(ErrorCodes.Patch_UserNotExist, "The user does not exist."));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Timeline/Models/Http/Common.cs b/Timeline/Models/Http/Common.cs
index 130439d3..c741837a 100644
--- a/Timeline/Models/Http/Common.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Models/Http/Common.cs
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ namespace Timeline.Models.Http
 
         internal static CommonPutResponse Create(IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory)
         {
-            var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Http.Common");
+            var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Models.Http.Common");
             return new CommonPutResponse(0, localizer["ResponsePutCreate"], true);
         }
 
         internal static CommonPutResponse Modify(IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory)
         {
-            var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Http.Common");
+            var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Models.Http.Common");
             return new CommonPutResponse(0, localizer["ResponsePutModify"], false);
 
         }
@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ namespace Timeline.Models.Http
 
         internal static CommonDeleteResponse Delete(IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory)
         {
-            var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Http.Common");
+            var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Models.Http.Common");
             return new CommonDeleteResponse(0, localizer["ResponseDeleteDelete"], true);
         }
 
         internal static CommonDeleteResponse NotExist(IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory)
         {
-            var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Http.Common");
+            var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Models.Models.Http.Common");
             return new CommonDeleteResponse(0, localizer["ResponseDeleteNotExist"], false);
         }
     }
diff --git a/Timeline/Models/PutResult.cs b/Timeline/Models/PutResult.cs
index 544602eb..cecf86e6 100644
--- a/Timeline/Models/PutResult.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Models/PutResult.cs
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ namespace Timeline.Models
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates the item did not exist and now is created.
         /// </summary>
-        Created,
+        Create,
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicates the item exists already and is modified.
         /// </summary>
-        Modified
+        Modify
     }
 }
diff --git a/Timeline/Models/UserDetail.cs b/Timeline/Models/UserDetail.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 302e3bb1..00000000
--- a/Timeline/Models/UserDetail.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
-using Timeline.Entities;
-using Timeline.Models.Validation;
-using Newtonsoft.Json;
-
-namespace Timeline.Models
-{
-    public class UserDetail
-    {
-        [MaxLength(10)]
-        public string? Nickname { get; set; }
-
-        [ValidateWith(typeof(UserDetailValidators.QQValidator))]
-        [JsonProperty(PropertyName = "qq")]
-        public string? QQ { get; set; }
-
-        [ValidateWith(typeof(UserDetailValidators.EMailValidator))]
-        public string? Email { get; set; }
-
-        [ValidateWith(typeof(UserDetailValidators.PhoneNumberValidator))]
-        public string? PhoneNumber { get; set; }
-
-        public string? Description { get; set; }
-
-        private static string? CoerceEmptyToNull(string? value)
-        {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
-                return null;
-            else
-                return value;
-        }
-
-        public static UserDetail From(UserDetailEntity entity)
-        {
-            return new UserDetail
-            {
-                Nickname = CoerceEmptyToNull(entity.Nickname),
-                QQ = CoerceEmptyToNull(entity.QQ),
-                Email = CoerceEmptyToNull(entity.Email),
-                PhoneNumber = CoerceEmptyToNull(entity.PhoneNumber),
-                Description = CoerceEmptyToNull(entity.Description)
-            };
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Timeline/Models/Validation/UserDetailValidator.cs b/Timeline/Models/Validation/UserDetailValidator.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 19c82edb..00000000
--- a/Timeline/Models/Validation/UserDetailValidator.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Net.Mail;
-
-namespace Timeline.Models.Validation
-{
-    public abstract class OptionalStringValidator : IValidator
-    {
-        public bool Validate(object value, out string message)
-        {
-            if (value == null)
-            {
-                message = ValidationConstants.SuccessMessage;
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            if (value is string s)
-            {
-                if (s.Length == 0)
-                {
-                    message = ValidationConstants.SuccessMessage;
-                    return true;
-                }
-                return DoValidate(s, out message);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                message = "Value is not of type string.";
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        protected abstract bool DoValidate(string value, out string message);
-    }
-
-    public static class UserDetailValidators
-    {
-
-        public class QQValidator : OptionalStringValidator
-        {
-            protected override bool DoValidate(string value, out string message)
-            {
-                if (value.Length < 5)
-                {
-                    message = "QQ is too short.";
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                if (value.Length > 11)
-                {
-                    message = "QQ is too long.";
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                foreach (var c in value)
-                {
-                    if (!char.IsDigit(c))
-                    {
-                        message = "QQ must only contain digit.";
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                message = ValidationConstants.SuccessMessage;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public class EMailValidator : OptionalStringValidator
-        {
-            protected override bool DoValidate(string value, out string message)
-            {
-                if (value.Length > 50)
-                {
-                    message = "E-Mail is too long.";
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                try
-                {
-                    var _ = new MailAddress(value);
-                }
-                catch (FormatException)
-                {
-                    message = "The format of E-Mail is bad.";
-                    return false;
-                }
-                message = ValidationConstants.SuccessMessage;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public class PhoneNumberValidator : OptionalStringValidator
-        {
-            protected override bool DoValidate(string value, out string message)
-            {
-                if (value.Length > 14)
-                {
-                    message = "Phone number is too long.";
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                foreach (var c in value)
-                {
-                    if (!char.IsDigit(c))
-                    {
-                        message = "Phone number can only contain digit.";
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                message = ValidationConstants.SuccessMessage;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Timeline/Models/Validation/UsernameValidator.cs b/Timeline/Models/Validation/UsernameValidator.cs
index e4891400..ecc3b5b3 100644
--- a/Timeline/Models/Validation/UsernameValidator.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Models/Validation/UsernameValidator.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Linq;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 
 namespace Timeline.Models.Validation
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Models.Validation
 
         private readonly Regex _regex = new Regex(RegexPattern);
 
-        protected override bool DoValidate(string value, out string message)
+        protected override bool DoValidate(string value, IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory, out string message)
         {
             if (value.Length == 0)
             {
diff --git a/Timeline/Models/Validation/Validator.cs b/Timeline/Models/Validation/Validator.cs
index a1acbed9..a3800b71 100644
--- a/Timeline/Models/Validation/Validator.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Models/Validation/Validator.cs
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
-using System;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;
+using System;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+using Timeline.Helpers;
 
 namespace Timeline.Models.Validation
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// A validator to validate value.
-    /// See <see cref="Validate(object, out string)"/>.
+    /// See <see cref="Validate(object?, out string)"/>.
     /// </summary>
     public interface IValidator
     {
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Models.Validation
         /// <param name="value">The value to validate.</param>
         /// <param name="message">The validation message.</param>
         /// <returns>True if validation passed. Otherwise false.</returns>
-        bool Validate(object value, out string message);
+        bool Validate(object? value, IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory, out string message);
     }
 
     public static class ValidationConstants
@@ -36,27 +39,36 @@ namespace Timeline.Models.Validation
     /// </remarks>
     public abstract class Validator<T> : IValidator
     {
-        public bool Validate(object value, out string message)
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Design", "CA1062:Validate arguments of public methods", Justification = "<Pending>")]
+        public bool Validate(object? value, IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory, out string message)
         {
             if (value == null)
             {
-                message = "Value is null.";
+                var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Models.Validation.Validator");
+                message = localizer["ValidatorMessageNull"];
                 return false;
             }
 
             if (value is T v)
             {
-
-                return DoValidate(v, out message);
+                return DoValidate(v, localizerFactory, out message);
             }
             else
             {
-                message = $"Value is not of type {typeof(T).Name}";
+                var localizer = localizerFactory.Create("Models.Validation.Validator");
+                message = localizer["ValidatorMessageBadType", typeof(T).FullName];
                 return false;
             }
         }
 
-        protected abstract bool DoValidate(T value, out string message);
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Design", "CA1062:Validate arguments of public methods")]
+        protected static string GetSuccessMessage(IStringLocalizerFactory factory)
+        {
+            var localizer = factory.Create("Models.Validation.Validator");
+            return localizer["ValidatorMessageSuccess"];
+        }
+
+        protected abstract bool DoValidate(T value, IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory, out string message);
     }
 
     [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Parameter,
@@ -84,24 +96,28 @@ namespace Timeline.Models.Validation
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(validatorType));
 
             if (!typeof(IValidator).IsAssignableFrom(validatorType))
-                throw new ArgumentException("Given type is not assignable to IValidator.", nameof(validatorType));
+                throw new ArgumentException(
+                Resources.Models.Validation.Validator.ValidateWithAttributeNotValidator,
+                nameof(validatorType));
 
             try
             {
-                _validator = Activator.CreateInstance(validatorType) as IValidator;
+                _validator = (Activator.CreateInstance(validatorType) as IValidator)!;
             }
             catch (Exception e)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException("Failed to create a validator instance from default constructor. See inner exception.", e);
+                throw new ArgumentException(
+                    Resources.Models.Validation.Validator.ValidateWithAttributeCreateFail, e);
             }
         }
 
         protected override ValidationResult IsValid(object value, ValidationContext validationContext)
         {
-            if (_validator.Validate(value, out var message))
+            var localizerFactory = validationContext.GetRequiredService<IStringLocalizerFactory>();
+            if (_validator.Validate(value, localizerFactory, out var message))
                 return ValidationResult.Success;
             else
-                return new ValidationResult(string.Format("Field {0} is bad. {1}", validationContext.DisplayName, message));
+                return new ValidationResult(message);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Controllers/TokenController.Designer.cs b/Timeline/Resources/Controllers/TokenController.Designer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7c2864b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Controllers/TokenController.Designer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a tool.
+//     Runtime Version:4.0.30319.42000
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace Timeline.Resources.Controllers {
+    using System;
+    
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    ///   A strongly-typed resource class, for looking up localized strings, etc.
+    /// </summary>
+    // This class was auto-generated by the StronglyTypedResourceBuilder
+    // class via a tool like ResGen or Visual Studio.
+    // To add or remove a member, edit your .ResX file then rerun ResGen
+    // with the /str option, or rebuild your VS project.
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Resources.Tools.StronglyTypedResourceBuilder", "16.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()]
+    [global::System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGeneratedAttribute()]
+    internal class TokenController {
+        
+        private static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager resourceMan;
+        
+        private static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo resourceCulture;
+        
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")]
+        internal TokenController() {
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Returns the cached ResourceManager instance used by this class.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
+        internal static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager ResourceManager {
+            get {
+                if (object.ReferenceEquals(resourceMan, null)) {
+                    global::System.Resources.ResourceManager temp = new global::System.Resources.ResourceManager("Timeline.Resources.Controllers.TokenController", typeof(TokenController).Assembly);
+                    resourceMan = temp;
+                }
+                return resourceMan;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Overrides the current thread's CurrentUICulture property for all
+        ///   resource lookups using this strongly typed resource class.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
+        internal static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo Culture {
+            get {
+                return resourceCulture;
+            }
+            set {
+                resourceCulture = value;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The password is wrong..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogBadPassword {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogBadPassword", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A user failed to create a token..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogCreateFailure {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogCreateFailure", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A user succeeded to create a token..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogCreateSuccess {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogCreateSuccess", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The user does not exist..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogUserNotExist {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogUserNotExist", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The token is of bad format. It might not be created by the server..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogVerifyBadFormat {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogVerifyBadFormat", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The token is expired..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogVerifyExpire {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogVerifyExpire", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A token failed to be verified..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogVerifyFailure {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogVerifyFailure", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Token has an old version. User might have update some info..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogVerifyOldVersion {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogVerifyOldVersion", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A token succeeded to be verified..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogVerifySuccess {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogVerifySuccess", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to User does not exist. Administrator might have deleted this user..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogVerifyUserNotExist {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogVerifyUserNotExist", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Controllers/UserController.Designer.cs b/Timeline/Resources/Controllers/UserController.Designer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df9cab4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Controllers/UserController.Designer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a tool.
+//     Runtime Version:4.0.30319.42000
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace Timeline.Resources.Controllers {
+    using System;
+    
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    ///   A strongly-typed resource class, for looking up localized strings, etc.
+    /// </summary>
+    // This class was auto-generated by the StronglyTypedResourceBuilder
+    // class via a tool like ResGen or Visual Studio.
+    // To add or remove a member, edit your .ResX file then rerun ResGen
+    // with the /str option, or rebuild your VS project.
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Resources.Tools.StronglyTypedResourceBuilder", "16.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()]
+    [global::System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGeneratedAttribute()]
+    internal class UserController {
+        
+        private static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager resourceMan;
+        
+        private static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo resourceCulture;
+        
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")]
+        internal UserController() {
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Returns the cached ResourceManager instance used by this class.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
+        internal static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager ResourceManager {
+            get {
+                if (object.ReferenceEquals(resourceMan, null)) {
+                    global::System.Resources.ResourceManager temp = new global::System.Resources.ResourceManager("Timeline.Resources.Controllers.UserController", typeof(UserController).Assembly);
+                    resourceMan = temp;
+                }
+                return resourceMan;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Overrides the current thread's CurrentUICulture property for all
+        ///   resource lookups using this strongly typed resource class.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
+        internal static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo Culture {
+            get {
+                return resourceCulture;
+            }
+            set {
+                resourceCulture = value;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Attempt to change password with wrong old password failed..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogChangePasswordBadPassword {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogChangePasswordBadPassword", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A user has changed password..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogChangePasswordSuccess {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogChangePasswordSuccess", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Attempt to change a user&apos;s username to a existent one failed..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogChangeUsernameAlreadyExist {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogChangeUsernameAlreadyExist", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Attempt to change a username of a user that does not exist failed..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogChangeUsernameNotExist {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogChangeUsernameNotExist", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A user has changed username..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogChangeUsernameSuccess {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogChangeUsernameSuccess", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A user has been deleted..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogDeleteDelete {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogDeleteDelete", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Attempt to delete a user that does not exist..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogDeleteNotExist {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogDeleteNotExist", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Attempt to retrieve info of a user that does not exist failed..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogGetUserNotExist {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogGetUserNotExist", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Attempt to patch a user that does not exist failed..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogPatchUserNotExist {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogPatchUserNotExist", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Attempt to create a user with bad username failed..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogPutBadUsername {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogPutBadUsername", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A user has been created..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogPutCreate {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogPutCreate", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to A user has been modified..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string LogPutModify {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LogPutModify", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Http/Common.en.resx b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Http/Common.en.resx
index 40d44191..40d44191 100644
--- a/Timeline/Resources/Http/Common.en.resx
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Http/Common.en.resx
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Http/Common.zh.resx b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Http/Common.zh.resx
index b6d955d9..b6d955d9 100644
--- a/Timeline/Resources/Http/Common.zh.resx
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Http/Common.zh.resx
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.Designer.cs b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.Designer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2532af3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.Designer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a tool.
+//     Runtime Version:4.0.30319.42000
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace Timeline.Resources.Models.Validation {
+    using System;
+    
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    ///   A strongly-typed resource class, for looking up localized strings, etc.
+    /// </summary>
+    // This class was auto-generated by the StronglyTypedResourceBuilder
+    // class via a tool like ResGen or Visual Studio.
+    // To add or remove a member, edit your .ResX file then rerun ResGen
+    // with the /str option, or rebuild your VS project.
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Resources.Tools.StronglyTypedResourceBuilder", "16.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()]
+    [global::System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGeneratedAttribute()]
+    internal class Validator {
+        
+        private static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager resourceMan;
+        
+        private static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo resourceCulture;
+        
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")]
+        internal Validator() {
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Returns the cached ResourceManager instance used by this class.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
+        internal static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager ResourceManager {
+            get {
+                if (object.ReferenceEquals(resourceMan, null)) {
+                    global::System.Resources.ResourceManager temp = new global::System.Resources.ResourceManager("Timeline.Resources.Models.Validation.Validator", typeof(Validator).Assembly);
+                    resourceMan = temp;
+                }
+                return resourceMan;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Overrides the current thread's CurrentUICulture property for all
+        ///   resource lookups using this strongly typed resource class.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
+        internal static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo Culture {
+            get {
+                return resourceCulture;
+            }
+            set {
+                resourceCulture = value;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Failed to create a validator instance from default constructor. See inner exception..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string ValidateWithAttributeCreateFail {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("ValidateWithAttributeCreateFail", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Given type is not assignable to IValidator..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string ValidateWithAttributeNotValidator {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("ValidateWithAttributeNotValidator", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.en.resx b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.en.resx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d2fbede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.en.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!-- 
+    Microsoft ResX Schema 
+    
+    Version 2.0
+    
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
+    associated with the data types.
+    
+    Example:
+    
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+                
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
+    name/value pairs.
+    
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
+    mimetype set.
+    
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+    
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <data name="ValidatorMessageBadType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Value is not of type {0}.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ValidatorMessageNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Value can't be null.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ValidatorMessageSuccess" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Validation succeeded.</value>
+  </data>
+</root>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.resx b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.resx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8843dc42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!-- 
+    Microsoft ResX Schema 
+    
+    Version 2.0
+    
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
+    associated with the data types.
+    
+    Example:
+    
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+                
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
+    name/value pairs.
+    
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
+    mimetype set.
+    
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+    
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <data name="ValidateWithAttributeCreateFail" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Failed to create a validator instance from default constructor. See inner exception.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ValidateWithAttributeNotValidator" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Given type is not assignable to IValidator.</value>
+  </data>
+</root>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.zh.resx b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.zh.resx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f98e7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Models/Validation/Validator.zh.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!-- 
+    Microsoft ResX Schema 
+    
+    Version 2.0
+    
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
+    associated with the data types.
+    
+    Example:
+    
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+                
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
+    name/value pairs.
+    
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
+    mimetype set.
+    
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+    
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <data name="ValidatorMessageBadType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>值不是类型{0}的实例。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ValidatorMessageNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>值不能为null.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ValidatorMessageSuccess" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>验证成功。</value>
+  </data>
+</root>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Services/Exception.Designer.cs b/Timeline/Resources/Services/Exception.Designer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15a8169e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Services/Exception.Designer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <auto-generated>
+//     This code was generated by a tool.
+//     Runtime Version:4.0.30319.42000
+//
+//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
+//     the code is regenerated.
+// </auto-generated>
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace Timeline.Resources.Services {
+    using System;
+    
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    ///   A strongly-typed resource class, for looking up localized strings, etc.
+    /// </summary>
+    // This class was auto-generated by the StronglyTypedResourceBuilder
+    // class via a tool like ResGen or Visual Studio.
+    // To add or remove a member, edit your .ResX file then rerun ResGen
+    // with the /str option, or rebuild your VS project.
+    [global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Resources.Tools.StronglyTypedResourceBuilder", "16.0.0.0")]
+    [global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()]
+    [global::System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGeneratedAttribute()]
+    internal class Exception {
+        
+        private static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager resourceMan;
+        
+        private static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo resourceCulture;
+        
+        [global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")]
+        internal Exception() {
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Returns the cached ResourceManager instance used by this class.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
+        internal static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager ResourceManager {
+            get {
+                if (object.ReferenceEquals(resourceMan, null)) {
+                    global::System.Resources.ResourceManager temp = new global::System.Resources.ResourceManager("Timeline.Resources.Services.Exception", typeof(Exception).Assembly);
+                    resourceMan = temp;
+                }
+                return resourceMan;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Overrides the current thread's CurrentUICulture property for all
+        ///   resource lookups using this strongly typed resource class.
+        /// </summary>
+        [global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
+        internal static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo Culture {
+            get {
+                return resourceCulture;
+            }
+            set {
+                resourceCulture = value;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The password is wrong..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string BadPasswordException {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("BadPasswordException", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The version of the jwt token is old..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtBadVersionException {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtBadVersionException", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The token didn&apos;t pass verification because {0}, see inner exception for information..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyException {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyException", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to token is expired..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyExceptionExpired {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyExceptionExpired", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to id claim is not a number..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyExceptionIdClaimBadFormat {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyExceptionIdClaimBadFormat", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to id claim does not exist..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyExceptionNoIdClaim {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyExceptionNoIdClaim", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to version claim does not exist..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyExceptionNoVersionClaim {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyExceptionNoVersionClaim", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to version of token is old..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyExceptionOldVersion {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyExceptionOldVersion", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to uncommon error..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyExceptionOthers {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyExceptionOthers", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to unknown error code..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyExceptionUnknown {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyExceptionUnknown", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to version claim is not a number..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string JwtVerifyExceptionVersionClaimBadFormat {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("JwtVerifyExceptionVersionClaimBadFormat", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The username is of bad format..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string UsernameBadFormatException {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("UsernameBadFormatException", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The username already exists..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string UsernameConfictException {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("UsernameConfictException", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The user does not exist..
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string UserNotExistException {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("UserNotExistException", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Resources/Services/Exception.resx b/Timeline/Resources/Services/Exception.resx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af771393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Resources/Services/Exception.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!-- 
+    Microsoft ResX Schema 
+    
+    Version 2.0
+    
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
+    associated with the data types.
+    
+    Example:
+    
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+                
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
+    name/value pairs.
+    
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
+    mimetype set.
+    
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+    
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <data name="BadPasswordException" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The password is wrong.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtBadVersionException" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The version of the jwt token is old.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyException" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The token didn't pass verification because {0}, see inner exception for information.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyExceptionExpired" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>token is expired.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyExceptionIdClaimBadFormat" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>id claim is not a number.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyExceptionNoIdClaim" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>id claim does not exist.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyExceptionNoVersionClaim" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>version claim does not exist.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyExceptionOldVersion" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>version of token is old.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyExceptionOthers" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>uncommon error.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyExceptionUnknown" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>unknown error code.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="JwtVerifyExceptionVersionClaimBadFormat" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>version claim is not a number.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="UsernameBadFormatException" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The username is of bad format.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="UsernameConfictException" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The username already exists.</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="UserNotExistException" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The user does not exist.</value>
+  </data>
+</root>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/BadPasswordException.cs b/Timeline/Services/BadPasswordException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee8a42db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Services/BadPasswordException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+using System;
+using Timeline.Helpers;
+
+namespace Timeline.Services
+{
+    [Serializable]
+    public class BadPasswordException : Exception
+    {
+        public BadPasswordException() : base(Resources.Services.Exception.UserNotExistException) { }
+        public BadPasswordException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
+
+        public BadPasswordException(string badPassword)
+            : base(Log.Format(Resources.Services.Exception.UserNotExistException, ("Bad Password", badPassword)))
+        {
+            Password = badPassword;
+        }
+
+        protected BadPasswordException(
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The wrong password.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? Password { get; set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/JwtBadVersionException.cs b/Timeline/Services/JwtBadVersionException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ce17710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Services/JwtBadVersionException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using System;
+using Timeline.Helpers;
+
+namespace Timeline.Services
+{
+    [Serializable]
+    public class JwtBadVersionException : Exception
+    {
+        public JwtBadVersionException() : base(Resources.Services.Exception.JwtBadVersionException) { }
+        public JwtBadVersionException(string message) : base(message) { }
+        public JwtBadVersionException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
+
+        public JwtBadVersionException(long tokenVersion, long requiredVersion)
+            : base(Log.Format(Resources.Services.Exception.JwtBadVersionException,
+                ("Token Version", tokenVersion),
+                ("Required Version", requiredVersion)))
+        {
+            TokenVersion = tokenVersion;
+            RequiredVersion = requiredVersion;
+        }
+
+        protected JwtBadVersionException(
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The version in the token.
+        /// </summary>
+        public long? TokenVersion { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The version required.
+        /// </summary>
+        public long? RequiredVersion { get; set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/JwtService.cs b/Timeline/Services/JwtService.cs
index 90d0c217..bf92966a 100644
--- a/Timeline/Services/JwtService.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Services/JwtService.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
 using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
 using System;
+using System.Globalization;
 using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
 using System.Security.Claims;
 using System.Text;
@@ -14,63 +15,6 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
         public long Version { get; set; }
     }
 
-    [Serializable]
-    public class JwtTokenVerifyException : Exception
-    {
-        public static class ErrorCodes
-        {
-            // Codes in -1000 ~ -1999 usually means the user provides a token that is not created by this server.
-
-            public const int Others = -1001;
-            public const int NoIdClaim = -1002;
-            public const int IdClaimBadFormat = -1003;
-            public const int NoVersionClaim = -1004;
-            public const int VersionClaimBadFormat = -1005;
-
-            /// <summary>
-            /// Corresponds to <see cref="SecurityTokenExpiredException"/>.
-            /// </summary>
-            public const int Expired = -2001;
-        }
-
-        private const string message = "Jwt token is bad.";
-
-        public JwtTokenVerifyException() : base(message) { }
-        public JwtTokenVerifyException(string message) : base(message) { }
-        public JwtTokenVerifyException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
-
-        public JwtTokenVerifyException(int code) : base(GetErrorMessage(code)) { ErrorCode = code; }
-        public JwtTokenVerifyException(string message, int code) : base(message) { ErrorCode = code; }
-        public JwtTokenVerifyException(Exception inner, int code) : base(GetErrorMessage(code), inner) { ErrorCode = code; }
-        public JwtTokenVerifyException(string message, Exception inner, int code) : base(message, inner) { ErrorCode = code; }
-        protected JwtTokenVerifyException(
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
-
-        public int ErrorCode { get; set; }
-
-        private static string GetErrorMessage(int errorCode)
-        {
-            switch (errorCode)
-            {
-                case ErrorCodes.Others:
-                    return "Uncommon error, see inner exception for more information.";
-                case ErrorCodes.NoIdClaim:
-                    return "Id claim does not exist.";
-                case ErrorCodes.IdClaimBadFormat:
-                    return "Id claim is not a number.";
-                case ErrorCodes.NoVersionClaim:
-                    return "Version claim does not exist.";
-                case ErrorCodes.VersionClaimBadFormat:
-                    return "Version claim is not a number";
-                case ErrorCodes.Expired:
-                    return "Token is expired.";
-                default:
-                    return "Unknown error code.";
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     public interface IJwtService
     {
         /// <summary>
@@ -89,7 +33,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
         /// <param name="token">The token string to verify.</param>
         /// <returns>Return the saved info in token.</returns>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when <paramref name="token"/> is null.</exception>
-        /// <exception cref="JwtTokenVerifyException">Thrown when the token is invalid.</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="JwtVerifyException">Thrown when the token is invalid.</exception>
         TokenInfo VerifyJwtToken(string token);
 
     }
@@ -116,8 +60,8 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
             var config = _jwtConfig.CurrentValue;
 
             var identity = new ClaimsIdentity();
-            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, tokenInfo.Id.ToString(), ClaimValueTypes.Integer64));
-            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(VersionClaimType, tokenInfo.Version.ToString(), ClaimValueTypes.Integer64));
+            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, tokenInfo.Id.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat), ClaimValueTypes.Integer64));
+            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(VersionClaimType, tokenInfo.Version.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat), ClaimValueTypes.Integer64));
 
             var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor()
             {
@@ -159,15 +103,15 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
 
                 var idClaim = principal.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier);
                 if (idClaim == null)
-                    throw new JwtTokenVerifyException(JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.NoIdClaim);
+                    throw new JwtVerifyException(JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.NoIdClaim);
                 if (!long.TryParse(idClaim, out var id))
-                    throw new JwtTokenVerifyException(JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.IdClaimBadFormat);
+                    throw new JwtVerifyException(JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.IdClaimBadFormat);
 
                 var versionClaim = principal.FindFirstValue(VersionClaimType);
                 if (versionClaim == null)
-                    throw new JwtTokenVerifyException(JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.NoVersionClaim);
+                    throw new JwtVerifyException(JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.NoVersionClaim);
                 if (!long.TryParse(versionClaim, out var version))
-                    throw new JwtTokenVerifyException(JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.VersionClaimBadFormat);
+                    throw new JwtVerifyException(JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.VersionClaimBadFormat);
 
                 return new TokenInfo
                 {
@@ -177,11 +121,11 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
             }
             catch (SecurityTokenExpiredException e)
             {
-                throw new JwtTokenVerifyException(e, JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.Expired);
+                throw new JwtVerifyException(e, JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.Expired);
             }
             catch (Exception e)
             {
-                throw new JwtTokenVerifyException(e, JwtTokenVerifyException.ErrorCodes.Others);
+                throw new JwtVerifyException(e, JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.Others);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/JwtVerifyException.cs b/Timeline/Services/JwtVerifyException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a915b51a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Services/JwtVerifyException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using static Timeline.Resources.Services.Exception;
+
+namespace Timeline.Services
+{
+    [Serializable]
+    public class JwtVerifyException : Exception
+    {
+        public static class ErrorCodes
+        {
+            // Codes in -1000 ~ -1999 usually means the user provides a token that is not created by this server.
+
+            public const int Others = -1001;
+            public const int NoIdClaim = -1002;
+            public const int IdClaimBadFormat = -1003;
+            public const int NoVersionClaim = -1004;
+            public const int VersionClaimBadFormat = -1005;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Corresponds to <see cref="SecurityTokenExpiredException"/>.
+            /// </summary>
+            public const int Expired = -2001;
+            public const int OldVersion = -2002;
+        }
+
+        public JwtVerifyException() : base(GetErrorMessage(0)) { }
+        public JwtVerifyException(string message) : base(message) { }
+        public JwtVerifyException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
+
+        public JwtVerifyException(int code) : base(GetErrorMessage(code)) { ErrorCode = code; }
+        public JwtVerifyException(string message, int code) : base(message) { ErrorCode = code; }
+        public JwtVerifyException(Exception inner, int code) : base(GetErrorMessage(code), inner) { ErrorCode = code; }
+        public JwtVerifyException(string message, Exception inner, int code) : base(message, inner) { ErrorCode = code; }
+        protected JwtVerifyException(
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
+
+        public int ErrorCode { get; set; }
+
+        private static string GetErrorMessage(int errorCode)
+        {
+            var reason = errorCode switch
+            {
+                ErrorCodes.Others => JwtVerifyExceptionOthers,
+                ErrorCodes.NoIdClaim => JwtVerifyExceptionNoIdClaim,
+                ErrorCodes.IdClaimBadFormat => JwtVerifyExceptionIdClaimBadFormat,
+                ErrorCodes.NoVersionClaim => JwtVerifyExceptionNoVersionClaim,
+                ErrorCodes.VersionClaimBadFormat => JwtVerifyExceptionVersionClaimBadFormat,
+                ErrorCodes.Expired => JwtVerifyExceptionExpired,
+                ErrorCodes.OldVersion => JwtVerifyExceptionOldVersion,
+                _ => JwtVerifyExceptionUnknown
+            };
+
+            return string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, Resources.Services.Exception.JwtVerifyException, reason);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/UserDetailService.cs b/Timeline/Services/UserDetailService.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e049435..00000000
--- a/Timeline/Services/UserDetailService.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
-using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
-using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
-using System;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Timeline.Entities;
-using Timeline.Models;
-
-namespace Timeline.Services
-{
-    public interface IUserDetailService
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Get the nickname of user.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="username">The username to get nickname of.</param>
-        /// <returns>The user's nickname. Null if not set.</returns>
-        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if <paramref name="username"/> is null or empty.</exception>
-        /// <exception cref="UserNotExistException">Thrown if user doesn't exist.</exception>
-        Task<string> GetUserNickname(string username);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Get the detail of user.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="username">The username to get user detail of.</param>
-        /// <returns>The user detail.</returns>
-        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if <paramref name="username"/> is null or empty.</exception>
-        /// <exception cref="UserNotExistException">Thrown if user doesn't exist.</exception>
-        Task<UserDetail> GetUserDetail(string username);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Update the detail of user. This function does not do data check.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="username">The username to get user detail of.</param>
-        /// <param name="detail">The detail to update. Can't be null. Any null member means not set.</param>
-        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if <paramref name="username"/> is null or empty or <paramref name="detail"/> is null.</exception>
-        /// <exception cref="UserNotExistException">Thrown if user doesn't exist.</exception>
-        Task UpdateUserDetail(string username, UserDetail detail);
-    }
-
-    public class UserDetailService : IUserDetailService
-    {
-        private readonly ILogger<UserDetailService> _logger;
-
-        private readonly DatabaseContext _databaseContext;
-
-        public UserDetailService(ILogger<UserDetailService> logger, DatabaseContext databaseContext)
-        {
-            _logger = logger;
-            _databaseContext = databaseContext;
-        }
-
-        private async Task<UserDetailEntity> CreateEntity(long userId)
-        {
-            var entity = new UserDetailEntity()
-            {
-                UserId = userId
-            };
-            _databaseContext.UserDetails.Add(entity);
-            await _databaseContext.SaveChangesAsync();
-            _logger.LogInformation("An entity is created in user_details.");
-            return entity;
-        }
-
-        // Check the existence of user detail entry
-        private async Task<UserDetailEntity> CheckAndInit(long userId)
-        {
-            var detail = await _databaseContext.UserDetails.Where(e => e.UserId == userId).SingleOrDefaultAsync();
-            if (detail == null)
-            {
-                detail = await CreateEntity(userId);
-            }
-            return detail;
-        }
-
-        public async Task<string> GetUserNickname(string username)
-        {
-            var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(_databaseContext.Users, username);
-            var detail = await _databaseContext.UserDetails.Where(e => e.UserId == userId).Select(e => new { e.Nickname }).SingleOrDefaultAsync();
-            if (detail == null)
-            {
-                var entity = await CreateEntity(userId);
-                return null;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                var nickname = detail.Nickname;
-                return string.IsNullOrEmpty(nickname) ? null : nickname;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public async Task<UserDetail> GetUserDetail(string username)
-        {
-            var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(_databaseContext.Users, username);
-            var detailEntity = await CheckAndInit(userId);
-            return UserDetail.From(detailEntity);
-        }
-
-        public async Task UpdateUserDetail(string username, UserDetail detail)
-        {
-            if (detail == null)
-                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(detail));
-
-            var userId = await DatabaseExtensions.CheckAndGetUser(_databaseContext.Users, username);
-            var detailEntity = await CheckAndInit(userId);
-
-            if (detail.Nickname != null)
-                detailEntity.Nickname = detail.Nickname;
-
-            if (detail.QQ != null)
-                detailEntity.QQ = detail.QQ;
-
-            if (detail.Email != null)
-                detailEntity.Email = detail.Email;
-
-            if (detail.PhoneNumber != null)
-                detailEntity.PhoneNumber = detail.PhoneNumber;
-
-            if (detail.Description != null)
-                detailEntity.Description = detail.Description;
-
-            await _databaseContext.SaveChangesAsync();
-            _logger.LogInformation("An entity is updated in user_details.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static class UserDetailServiceCollectionExtensions
-    {
-        public static void AddUserDetailService(this IServiceCollection services)
-        {
-            services.AddScoped<IUserDetailService, UserDetailService>();
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/UserNotExistException.cs b/Timeline/Services/UserNotExistException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7317f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Services/UserNotExistException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+using System;
+using Timeline.Helpers;
+
+namespace Timeline.Services
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The user requested does not exist.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Serializable]
+    public class UserNotExistException : Exception
+    {
+        public UserNotExistException() : base(Resources.Services.Exception.UserNotExistException) { }
+        public UserNotExistException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
+
+        public UserNotExistException(string username)
+            : base(Log.Format(Resources.Services.Exception.UserNotExistException, ("Username", username)))
+        {
+            Username = username;
+        }
+
+        public UserNotExistException(long id)
+            : base(Log.Format(Resources.Services.Exception.UserNotExistException, ("Id", id)))
+        {
+            Id = id;
+        }
+
+        protected UserNotExistException(
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The username of the user that does not exist.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? Username { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The id of the user that does not exist.
+        /// </summary>
+        public long? Id { get; set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/UserService.cs b/Timeline/Services/UserService.cs
index 9564b34b..aad4a806 100644
--- a/Timeline/Services/UserService.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Services/UserService.cs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Localization;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Timeline.Entities;
-using Timeline.Helpers;
 using Timeline.Models;
 using Timeline.Models.Validation;
 using static Timeline.Helpers.MyLogHelper;
@@ -15,163 +15,8 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
 {
     public class CreateTokenResult
     {
-        public string Token { get; set; }
-        public UserInfo User { get; set; }
-    }
-
-    [Serializable]
-    public class UserNotExistException : Exception
-    {
-        private const string message = "The user does not exist.";
-
-        public UserNotExistException()
-            : base(message)
-        {
-
-        }
-
-        public UserNotExistException(string username)
-            : base(Log.Format(message, ("Username", username)))
-        {
-            Username = username;
-        }
-
-        public UserNotExistException(long id)
-            : base(Log.Format(message, ("Id", id)))
-        {
-            Id = id;
-        }
-
-        public UserNotExistException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
-
-        protected UserNotExistException(
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The username that does not exist.
-        /// </summary>
-        public string Username { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The id that does not exist.
-        /// </summary>
-        public long? Id { get; set; }
-    }
-
-    [Serializable]
-    public class BadPasswordException : Exception
-    {
-        private const string message = "Password is wrong.";
-
-        public BadPasswordException()
-            : base(message)
-        {
-
-        }
-
-        public BadPasswordException(string badPassword)
-            : base(Log.Format(message, ("Bad Password", badPassword)))
-        {
-            Password = badPassword;
-        }
-
-        public BadPasswordException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
-
-        protected BadPasswordException(
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The wrong password.
-        /// </summary>
-        public string Password { get; set; }
-    }
-
-
-    [Serializable]
-    public class BadTokenVersionException : Exception
-    {
-        private const string message = "Token version is expired.";
-
-        public BadTokenVersionException()
-            : base(message)
-        {
-
-        }
-
-        public BadTokenVersionException(long tokenVersion, long requiredVersion)
-            : base(Log.Format(message,
-                ("Token Version", tokenVersion),
-                ("Required Version", requiredVersion)))
-        {
-            TokenVersion = tokenVersion;
-            RequiredVersion = requiredVersion;
-        }
-
-        public BadTokenVersionException(string message) : base(message) { }
-        public BadTokenVersionException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
-
-        protected BadTokenVersionException(
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The version in the token.
-        /// </summary>
-        public long? TokenVersion { get; set; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The version required.
-        /// </summary>
-        public long? RequiredVersion { get; set; }
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Thrown when username is of bad format.
-    /// </summary>
-    [Serializable]
-    public class UsernameBadFormatException : Exception
-    {
-        private const string message = "Username is of bad format.";
-
-        public UsernameBadFormatException() : base(message) { }
-        public UsernameBadFormatException(string message) : base(message) { }
-        public UsernameBadFormatException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
-
-        public UsernameBadFormatException(string username, string message) : base(message) { Username = username; }
-        public UsernameBadFormatException(string username, string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { Username = username; }
-        protected UsernameBadFormatException(
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Username of bad format.
-        /// </summary>
-        public string Username { get; private set; }
-    }
-
-
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Thrown when the user already exists.
-    /// </summary>
-    [Serializable]
-    public class UserAlreadyExistException : Exception
-    {
-        private const string message = "User already exists.";
-
-        public UserAlreadyExistException() : base(message) { }
-        public UserAlreadyExistException(string username) : base(Log.Format(message, ("Username", username))) { Username = username; }
-        public UserAlreadyExistException(string username, string message) : base(message) { Username = username; }
-        public UserAlreadyExistException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
-        protected UserAlreadyExistException(
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
-          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The username that already exists.
-        /// </summary>
-        public string Username { get; set; }
+        public string Token { get; set; } = default!;
+        public UserInfo User { get; set; } = default!;
     }
 
     public interface IUserService
@@ -196,9 +41,8 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
         /// <param name="token">The token to verify.</param>
         /// <returns>The user info specified by the token.</returns>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when <paramref name="token"/> is null.</exception>
-        /// <exception cref="JwtTokenVerifyException">Thrown when the token is of bad format. Thrown by <see cref="JwtService.VerifyJwtToken(string)"/>.</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="JwtVerifyException">Thrown when the token is of bad format. Thrown by <see cref="JwtService.VerifyJwtToken(string)"/>.</exception>
         /// <exception cref="UserNotExistException">Thrown when the user specified by the token does not exist. Usually it has been deleted after the token was issued.</exception>
-        /// <exception cref="BadTokenVersionException">Thrown when the version in the token is expired. User needs to recreate the token.</exception>
         Task<UserInfo> VerifyToken(string token);
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -221,10 +65,12 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
         /// <param name="username">Username of user.</param>
         /// <param name="password">Password of user.</param>
         /// <param name="administrator">Whether the user is administrator.</param>
-        /// <returns>Return <see cref="PutResult.Created"/> if a new user is created.
-        /// Return <see cref="PutResult.Modified"/> if a existing user is modified.</returns>
-        /// <exception cref="UsernameBadFormatException">Thrown when <paramref name="username"/> is of bad format.</exception>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// Return <see cref="PutResult.Create"/> if a new user is created.
+        /// Return <see cref="PutResult.Modify"/> if a existing user is modified.
+        /// </returns>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown when <paramref name="username"/> or <paramref name="password"/> is null.</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="UsernameBadFormatException">Thrown when <paramref name="username"/> is of bad format.</exception>
         Task<PutResult> PutUser(string username, string password, bool administrator);
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -237,7 +83,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
         /// <param name="administrator">Whether the user is administrator. Null if not modify.</param>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Thrown if <paramref name="username"/> is null.</exception>
         /// <exception cref="UserNotExistException">Thrown if the user with given username does not exist.</exception>
-        Task PatchUser(string username, string password, bool? administrator);
+        Task PatchUser(string username, string? password, bool? administrator);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Delete a user of given username.
@@ -266,13 +112,13 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if <paramref name="oldUsername"/> or <paramref name="newUsername"/> is null or empty.</exception>
         /// <exception cref="UserNotExistException">Thrown if the user with old username does not exist.</exception>
         /// <exception cref="UsernameBadFormatException">Thrown if the new username is not accepted because of bad format.</exception>
-        /// <exception cref="UserAlreadyExistException">Thrown if user with the new username already exists.</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="UsernameConfictException">Thrown if user with the new username already exists.</exception>
         Task ChangeUsername(string oldUsername, string newUsername);
     }
 
     internal class UserCache
     {
-        public string Username { get; set; }
+        public string Username { get; set; } = default!;
         public bool Administrator { get; set; }
         public long Version { get; set; }
 
@@ -294,13 +140,16 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
 
         private readonly UsernameValidator _usernameValidator;
 
-        public UserService(ILogger<UserService> logger, IMemoryCache memoryCache, DatabaseContext databaseContext, IJwtService jwtService, IPasswordService passwordService)
+        private readonly IStringLocalizerFactory _localizerFactory;
+
+        public UserService(ILogger<UserService> logger, IMemoryCache memoryCache, IStringLocalizerFactory localizerFactory, DatabaseContext databaseContext, IJwtService jwtService, IPasswordService passwordService)
         {
             _logger = logger;
             _memoryCache = memoryCache;
             _databaseContext = databaseContext;
             _jwtService = jwtService;
             _passwordService = passwordService;
+            _localizerFactory = localizerFactory;
 
             _usernameValidator = new UsernameValidator();
         }
@@ -368,7 +217,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
             }
 
             if (tokenInfo.Version != cache.Version)
-                throw new BadTokenVersionException(tokenInfo.Version, cache.Version);
+                throw new JwtVerifyException(new JwtBadVersionException(tokenInfo.Version, cache.Version), JwtVerifyException.ErrorCodes.OldVersion);
 
             return cache.ToUserInfo();
         }
@@ -395,7 +244,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
             if (password == null)
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(password));
 
-            if (!_usernameValidator.Validate(username, out var message))
+            if (!_usernameValidator.Validate(username, _localizerFactory, out var message))
             {
                 throw new UsernameBadFormatException(username, message);
             }
@@ -414,7 +263,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
                 await _databaseContext.AddAsync(newUser);
                 await _databaseContext.SaveChangesAsync();
                 _logger.LogInformation(FormatLogMessage("A new user entry is added to the database.", Pair("Id", newUser.Id)));
-                return PutResult.Created;
+                return PutResult.Create;
             }
 
             user.EncryptedPassword = _passwordService.HashPassword(password);
@@ -426,7 +275,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
             //clear cache
             RemoveCache(user.Id);
 
-            return PutResult.Modified;
+            return PutResult.Modify;
         }
 
         public async Task PatchUser(string username, string password, bool? administrator)
@@ -504,7 +353,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(newUsername))
                 throw new ArgumentException("New username is null or empty", nameof(newUsername));
 
-            if (!_usernameValidator.Validate(newUsername, out var message))
+            if (!_usernameValidator.Validate(newUsername, _localizerFactory, out var message))
                 throw new UsernameBadFormatException(newUsername, $"New username is of bad format. {message}");
 
             var user = await _databaseContext.Users.Where(u => u.Name == oldUsername).SingleOrDefaultAsync();
@@ -513,7 +362,7 @@ namespace Timeline.Services
 
             var conflictUser = await _databaseContext.Users.Where(u => u.Name == newUsername).SingleOrDefaultAsync();
             if (conflictUser != null)
-                throw new UserAlreadyExistException(newUsername);
+                throw new UsernameConfictException(newUsername);
 
             user.Name = newUsername;
             user.Version += 1;
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/UsernameBadFormatException.cs b/Timeline/Services/UsernameBadFormatException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..04354d22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Services/UsernameBadFormatException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Timeline.Services
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Thrown when username is of bad format.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Serializable]
+    public class UsernameBadFormatException : Exception
+    {
+        public UsernameBadFormatException() : base(Resources.Services.Exception.UsernameBadFormatException) { }
+        public UsernameBadFormatException(string message) : base(message) { }
+        public UsernameBadFormatException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
+
+        public UsernameBadFormatException(string username, string message) : base(message) { Username = username; }
+        public UsernameBadFormatException(string username, string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { Username = username; }
+
+        protected UsernameBadFormatException(
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Username of bad format.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? Username { get; private set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Services/UsernameConfictException.cs b/Timeline/Services/UsernameConfictException.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fde1eda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Timeline/Services/UsernameConfictException.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+using System;
+using Timeline.Helpers;
+
+namespace Timeline.Services
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Thrown when the user already exists.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Serializable]
+    public class UsernameConfictException : Exception
+    {
+        public UsernameConfictException() : base(Resources.Services.Exception.UsernameConfictException) { }
+        public UsernameConfictException(string username) : base(Log.Format(Resources.Services.Exception.UsernameConfictException, ("Username", username))) { Username = username; }
+        public UsernameConfictException(string username, string message) : base(message) { Username = username; }
+        public UsernameConfictException(string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner) { }
+        protected UsernameConfictException(
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info,
+          System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context) : base(info, context) { }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The username that already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string? Username { get; set; }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Timeline/Startup.cs b/Timeline/Startup.cs
index 5718cf05..be5bce7c 100644
--- a/Timeline/Startup.cs
+++ b/Timeline/Startup.cs
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ namespace Timeline
             services.AddTransient<IClock, Clock>();
 
             services.AddUserAvatarService();
-            services.AddUserDetailService();
 
             var databaseConfig = Configuration.GetSection(nameof(DatabaseConfig)).Get<DatabaseConfig>();
 
diff --git a/Timeline/Timeline.csproj b/Timeline/Timeline.csproj
index a948e3f3..d1f9b2ed 100644
--- a/Timeline/Timeline.csproj
+++ b/Timeline/Timeline.csproj
@@ -39,6 +39,26 @@
         <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
         <DependentUpon>Common.resx</DependentUpon>
       </Compile>
+      <Compile Update="Resources\Controllers\TokenController.Designer.cs">
+        <DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
+        <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
+        <DependentUpon>TokenController.resx</DependentUpon>
+      </Compile>
+      <Compile Update="Resources\Controllers\UserController.Designer.cs">
+        <DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
+        <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
+        <DependentUpon>UserController.resx</DependentUpon>
+      </Compile>
+      <Compile Update="Resources\Models\Validation\Validator.Designer.cs">
+        <DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
+        <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
+        <DependentUpon>Validator.resx</DependentUpon>
+      </Compile>
+      <Compile Update="Resources\Services\Exception.Designer.cs">
+        <DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
+        <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
+        <DependentUpon>Exception.resx</DependentUpon>
+      </Compile>
     </ItemGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
@@ -48,7 +68,8 @@
       </EmbeddedResource>
       <EmbeddedResource Update="Resources\Controllers\TokenController.resx">
         <SubType>Designer</SubType>
-        <Generator></Generator>
+        <Generator>ResXFileCodeGenerator</Generator>
+        <LastGenOutput>TokenController.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
       </EmbeddedResource>
       <EmbeddedResource Update="Resources\Controllers\TokenController.zh.resx">
         <SubType>Designer</SubType>
@@ -58,7 +79,16 @@
         <Generator></Generator>
       </EmbeddedResource>
       <EmbeddedResource Update="Resources\Controllers\UserController.resx">
-        <Generator></Generator>
+        <Generator>ResXFileCodeGenerator</Generator>
+        <LastGenOutput>UserController.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
+      </EmbeddedResource>
+      <EmbeddedResource Update="Resources\Models\Validation\Validator.resx">
+        <Generator>ResXFileCodeGenerator</Generator>
+        <LastGenOutput>Validator.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
+      </EmbeddedResource>
+      <EmbeddedResource Update="Resources\Services\Exception.resx">
+        <Generator>ResXFileCodeGenerator</Generator>
+        <LastGenOutput>Exception.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
       </EmbeddedResource>
     </ItemGroup>
 </Project>