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+---
+title: "Hurd Cheat Sheet"
+date: 2025-06-12T00:59:16+08:00
+lastmod: 2025-06-12T00:59:16+08:00
+---
+
+## Mirrors
+
+The mirror has to be `debian-ports`, not `debian`, and many mirror sites do not
+provide it. Following is aliyun mirror:
+
+```txt
+/etc/apt/sources.list
+---
+deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-ports/ unstable main
+deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-ports/ unreleased main
+deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ unstable main
+```
+
+The hurd-amd64 deb-src seems to not work.
+
+## Use QEMU Virtual Machine
+
+For i386, use
+
+```sh
+qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 4G \
+  -net nic -net user,hostfwd=tcp::3222-:22 \
+  -vga vmware -drive cache=writeback,file=[...]
+```
+
+For x86_64, use
+
+```sh
+qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 8G -machine q35 \
+  -net nic -net user,hostfwd=tcp::3223-:22 \
+  -vga vmware -drive cache=writeback,file=[...]
+```
+
+GRUB in the image seems to use hard-coded path of `/dev/*` block file as the
+root partition in the kernel command line rather than GUID, so if the hard disk
+bus is changed in QEMU and the path is changed accordingly, the system can't
+boot on.
+
+QEMU cli arguments `-machine q35` enables AHCI and SATA, and is **required for
+official x86_64 image to boot**. As for i386, I haven't checked now.
+
+## Inside Hurd
+
+Configure/Setup network
+
+```sh
+settrans -fgap /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet \
+  -i /dev/eth0 -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0
+fsysopts /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet \
+  -i /dev/eth0 -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0
+fsysopts /server/socket/2 -a 10.0.2.15 -g 10.0.2.2 -m 255.255.255.0
+```
+
+Setup apt
+
+```sh
+apt-get --allow-unauthenticated --allow-insecure-repositories update
+apt-get --allow-unauthenticated upgrade
+```