HALF WORK: 2024.11.27

15 files changed, 731 insertions, 403 deletions

diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/__init__.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/__init__.py
index e36a778..2ae241e 100644
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/__init__.py
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import sys
 class CruInitError(Exception):
     pass
 
+
 def check_python_version(required_version=(3, 11)):
     if sys.version_info < required_version:
         raise CruInitError(f"Python version must be >= {required_version}!")
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/__init__.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..481502c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from ._const import (
+    CruNotFound,
+    CruUseDefault,
+    CruDontChange,
+    CruNoValue,
+    CruPlaceholder,
+)
+from ._func import (
+    CruFunction,
+    CruFunctionMeta,
+    CruRawFunctions,
+    CruWrappedFunctions,
+    CruFunctionGenerators,
+)
+from ._list import (
+    CruList,
+    CruInplaceList,
+    CruUniqueKeyInplaceList,
+    ListOperations,
+    CanBeList,
+    ElementOperation,
+    ElementPredicate,
+    ElementTransformer,
+    OptionalElementOperation,
+    ElementPredicate,
+    OptionalElementTransformer,
+)
+from ._type import TypeSet
+
+F = CruFunction
+WF = CruWrappedFunctions
+FG = CruFunctionGenerators
+L = CruList
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CruNotFound",
+    "CruUseDefault",
+    "CruDontChange",
+    "CruNoValue",
+    "CruPlaceholder",
+    "CruFunction",
+    "CruFunctionMeta",
+    "CruRawFunctions",
+    "CruWrappedFunctions",
+    "CruFunctionGenerators",
+    "CruList",
+    "CruInplaceList",
+    "CruUniqueKeyInplaceList",
+    "ListOperations",
+    "CanBeList",
+    "ElementOperation",
+    "ElementPredicate",
+    "ElementTransformer",
+    "OptionalElementOperation",
+    "ElementPredicate",
+    "OptionalElementTransformer",
+    "TypeSet",
+    "F",
+    "WF",
+    "FG",
+    "L",
+]
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_const.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_const.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc02c3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_const.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from typing import Self, TypeGuard, TypeVar
+
+from ._cru import CRU
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class CruConstantBase(Enum):
+    @classmethod
+    def check(cls, v: _T | Self) -> TypeGuard[Self]:
+        return isinstance(v, cls)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def check_not(cls, v: _T | Self) -> TypeGuard[_T]:
+        return not cls.check(v)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def value(cls) -> Self:
+        return cls.VALUE  # type: ignore
+
+
+class CruNotFound(CruConstantBase):
+    VALUE = auto()
+
+
+class CruUseDefault(CruConstantBase):
+    VALUE = auto()
+
+
+class CruDontChange(CruConstantBase):
+    VALUE = auto()
+
+
+class CruNoValue(CruConstantBase):
+    VALUE = auto()
+
+
+class CruPlaceholder(CruConstantBase):
+    VALUE = auto()
+
+
+CRU.add_objects(
+    CruNotFound,
+    CruUseDefault,
+    CruDontChange,
+    CruNoValue,
+    CruPlaceholder,
+)
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_cru.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_cru.py
index 61a0ee1..0085a80 100644
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_cru.py
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_cru.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 from typing import Any
 
+from ._lang import remove_none
+
 
 class _Cru:
     NAME_PREFIXES = ("CRU_", "Cru", "cru_")
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._d: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
     def all_names(self) -> list[str]:
@@ -20,12 +22,13 @@ class _Cru:
     def _maybe_remove_prefix(name: str) -> str | None:
         for prefix in _Cru.NAME_PREFIXES:
             if name.startswith(prefix):
-                return name[len(prefix):]
+                return name[len(prefix) :]
         return None
 
-    def _check_name_exist(self, *names: str) -> None:
+    def _check_name_exist(self, *names: str | None) -> None:
         for name in names:
-            if name is None: continue
+            if name is None:
+                continue
             if self.has_name(name):
                 raise ValueError(f"Name {name} exists in CRU.")
 
@@ -41,13 +44,13 @@ class _Cru:
         return _Cru.check_name_format(o.__name__)
 
     def _do_add(self, o, *names: str | None) -> list[str]:
-        names = set(names)
-        names.remove(None)
-        for name in names:
+        name_list: list[str] = remove_none(names)
+        for name in name_list:
             self._d[name] = o
-        return list(names)
+        return name_list
 
     def add(self, o, name: str | None) -> tuple[str, str | None]:
+        no_prefix_name: str | None
         if name is None:
             name, no_prefix_name = self._check_object_name(o)
         else:
@@ -58,7 +61,8 @@ class _Cru:
         return name, no_prefix_name
 
     def add_with_alias(self, o, name: str | None = None, *aliases: str) -> list[str]:
-        final_names = []
+        final_names: list[str | None] = []
+        no_prefix_name: str | None
         if name is None:
             name, no_prefix_name = self._check_object_name(o)
             self._check_name_exist(name, no_prefix_name)
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_event.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_event.py
index 813e33f..813e33f 100644
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_event.py
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_event.py
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_func.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_func.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b8b07a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_func.py
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from enum import Flag, auto
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    Iterable,
+    Literal,
+    ParamSpec,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
+from ._cru import CRU
+from ._const import CruPlaceholder
+
+_P = ParamSpec("_P")
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class CruRawFunctions:
+    @staticmethod
+    def none(*_v, **_kwargs) -> None:
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def true(*_v, **_kwargs) -> Literal[True]:
+        return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def false(*_v, **_kwargs) -> Literal[False]:
+        return False
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def identity(v: _T) -> _T:
+        return v
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def only_you(v: _T, *_v, **_kwargs) -> _T:
+        return v
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def equal(a: Any, b: Any) -> bool:
+        return a == b
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def not_equal(a: Any, b: Any) -> bool:
+        return a != b
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def not_(v: Any) -> Any:
+        return not v
+
+
+CruArgsChainableCallable: TypeAlias = Callable[..., Iterable[Any]]
+CruKwargsChainableCallable: TypeAlias = Callable[..., Iterable[tuple[str, Any]]]
+CruChainableCallable: TypeAlias = Callable[
+    ..., tuple[Iterable[Any], Iterable[tuple[str, Any]]]
+]
+
+
+class CruFunctionChainMode(Flag):
+    ARGS = auto()
+    KWARGS = auto()
+    BOTH = ARGS | KWARGS
+
+
+class CruFunctionMeta:
+    @staticmethod
+    def bind(func: Callable[..., _T], *bind_args, **bind_kwargs) -> Callable[..., _T]:
+        def bound_func(*args, **kwargs):
+            popped = 0
+            real_args = []
+            for arg in bind_args:
+                if CruPlaceholder.check(arg):
+                    real_args.append(args[popped])
+                    popped += 1
+                else:
+                    real_args.append(arg)
+            real_args.extend(args[popped:])
+            return func(*real_args, **(bind_kwargs | kwargs))
+
+        return bound_func
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def chain_with_args(
+        funcs: Iterable[CruArgsChainableCallable], *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+    ) -> CruArgsChainableCallable:
+        def chained_func(*args):
+            for func in funcs:
+                args = CruFunctionMeta.bind(func, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs)(*args)
+            return args
+
+        return chained_func
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def chain_with_kwargs(
+        funcs: Iterable[CruKwargsChainableCallable], *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+    ) -> CruKwargsChainableCallable:
+        def chained_func(**kwargs):
+            for func in funcs:
+                kwargs = CruFunctionMeta.bind(func, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs)(**kwargs)
+            return kwargs
+
+        return chained_func
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def chain_with_both(
+        funcs: Iterable[CruChainableCallable], *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+    ) -> CruChainableCallable:
+        def chained_func(*args, **kwargs):
+            for func in funcs:
+                args, kwargs = CruFunctionMeta.bind(func, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs)(
+                    *args, **kwargs
+                )
+            return args, kwargs
+
+        return chained_func
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def chain(
+        mode: CruFunctionChainMode,
+        funcs: Iterable[
+            CruArgsChainableCallable | CruKwargsChainableCallable | CruChainableCallable
+        ],
+        *bind_args,
+        **bind_kwargs,
+    ) -> CruArgsChainableCallable | CruKwargsChainableCallable | CruChainableCallable:
+        if mode == CruFunctionChainMode.ARGS:
+            return CruFunctionMeta.chain_with_args(
+                cast(Iterable[CruArgsChainableCallable], funcs),
+                *bind_args,
+                **bind_kwargs,
+            )
+        elif mode == CruFunctionChainMode.KWARGS:
+            return CruFunctionMeta.chain_with_kwargs(
+                cast(Iterable[CruKwargsChainableCallable], funcs),
+                *bind_args,
+                **bind_kwargs,
+            )
+        elif mode == CruFunctionChainMode.BOTH:
+            return CruFunctionMeta.chain_with_both(
+                cast(Iterable[CruChainableCallable], funcs), *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+            )
+
+
+# Advanced Function Wrapper
+class CruFunction(Generic[_P, _T]):
+
+    def __init__(self, f: Callable[_P, _T]):
+        self._f = f
+
+    @property
+    def f(self) -> Callable[_P, _T]:
+        return self._f
+
+    @property
+    def func(self) -> Callable[_P, _T]:
+        return self.f
+
+    def bind(self, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs) -> CruFunction[..., _T]:
+        self._f = CruFunctionMeta.bind(self._f, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs)
+        return self
+
+    def _iter_with_self(
+        self, funcs: Iterable[Callable[..., Any]]
+    ) -> Iterable[Callable[..., Any]]:
+        yield self
+        yield from funcs
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def chain_with_args(
+        self,
+        funcs: Iterable[CruArgsChainableCallable],
+        *bind_args,
+        **bind_kwargs,
+    ) -> CruArgsChainableCallable:
+        return CruFunction(
+            CruFunctionMeta.chain_with_args(
+                self._iter_with_self(funcs), *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+            )
+        )
+
+    def chain_with_kwargs(
+        self, funcs: Iterable[CruKwargsChainableCallable], *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+    ) -> CruKwargsChainableCallable:
+        return CruFunction(
+            CruFunctionMeta.chain_with_kwargs(
+                self._iter_with_self(funcs), *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+            )
+        )
+
+    def chain_with_both(
+        self, funcs: Iterable[CruChainableCallable], *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+    ) -> CruChainableCallable:
+        return CruFunction(
+            CruFunctionMeta.chain_with_both(
+                self._iter_with_self(funcs), *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+            )
+        )
+
+    def chain(
+        self,
+        mode: CruFunctionChainMode,
+        funcs: Iterable[
+            CruArgsChainableCallable | CruKwargsChainableCallable | CruChainableCallable
+        ],
+        *bind_args,
+        **bind_kwargs,
+    ) -> CruArgsChainableCallable | CruKwargsChainableCallable | CruChainableCallable:
+        return CruFunction(
+            CruFunctionMeta.chain(
+                mode, self._iter_with_self(funcs), *bind_args, **bind_kwargs
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __call__(self, *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> _T:
+        return self._f(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_chain(
+        mode: CruFunctionChainMode,
+        funcs: Iterable[
+            CruArgsChainableCallable | CruKwargsChainableCallable | CruChainableCallable
+        ],
+        *bind_args,
+        **bind_kwargs,
+    ) -> CruFunction:
+        return CruFunction(
+            CruFunctionMeta.chain(mode, funcs, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs)
+        )
+
+
+class CruWrappedFunctions:
+    none = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.none)
+    true = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.true)
+    false = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.false)
+    identity = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.identity)
+    only_you = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.only_you)
+    equal = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.equal)
+    not_equal = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.not_equal)
+    not_ = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.not_)
+
+
+class CruFunctionGenerators:
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_isinstance_of_types(*types: type) -> Callable:
+        return CruFunction(lambda v: type(v) in types)
+
+
+CRU.add_objects(
+    CruRawFunctions,
+    CruFunctionMeta,
+    CruFunction,
+    CruWrappedFunctions,
+    CruFunctionGenerators,
+)
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_lang.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_lang.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..925ba00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_lang.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, Iterable, TypeVar, cast
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+D = TypeVar("D")
+
+
+def remove_element(
+    iterable: Iterable[T | None], to_rm: Iterable[Any], des: type[D] | None = None
+) -> D:
+    to_rm = set(to_rm)
+    return cast(Callable[..., D], des or list)(v for v in iterable if v not in to_rm)
+
+
+def remove_none(iterable: Iterable[T | None], des: type[D] | None = None) -> D:
+    return cast(Callable[..., D], des or list)(v for v in iterable if v is not None)
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_list.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_list.py
index e1c8373..711d5f1 100644
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_list.py
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_list.py
@@ -1,85 +1,235 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import TypeVar, ParamSpec, Any, Generic, ClassVar, Optional, Union
-
-from ._const import CRU_NOT_FOUND
-
+from typing import (
+    Generator,
+    Literal,
+    Self,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeVar,
+    ParamSpec,
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    ClassVar,
+    Optional,
+    Union,
+    assert_never,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+    override,
+)
+
+from ._const import CruNoValue, CruNotFound
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
 T = TypeVar("T")
 O = TypeVar("O")
-R = TypeVar("R")
 F = TypeVar("F")
 
-CanBeList = T | Iterable[T] | None
+CanBeList: TypeAlias = Iterable[T] | T | None
 
-OptionalIndex = int | None
-OptionalType = type | None
-ElementOperation = Callable[[T], Any] | None
-ElementPredicate = Callable[[T], bool]
-ElementTransformer = Callable[[T], R]
-SelfElementTransformer = ElementTransformer[T, T]
-AnyElementTransformer = ElementTransformer[Any, Any]
-OptionalElementOperation = ElementOperation | None
-OptionalElementTransformer = ElementTransformer | None
-OptionalSelfElementTransformer = ElementTransformer[T, T]
-OptionalAnyElementTransformer = AnyElementTransformer | None
+OptionalIndex: TypeAlias = int | None
+OptionalType: TypeAlias = type | None
+ElementOperation: TypeAlias = Callable[[T], Any]
+ElementPredicate: TypeAlias = Callable[[T], bool]
+ElementTransformer: TypeAlias = Callable[[T], O]
+SelfElementTransformer: TypeAlias = ElementTransformer[T, T]
+AnyElementTransformer: TypeAlias = ElementTransformer[Any, Any]
 
 
-def _flatten_with_func(o: T, max_depth: int, is_leave: ElementPredicate[T],
-                       get_children: SelfElementTransformer[T], depth: int = 0) -> Iterable[T]:
+def flatten_with_func(
+    o: T,
+    max_depth: int,
+    is_leave: ElementPredicate[T],
+    get_children: ElementTransformer[T, Iterable[T]],
+    depth: int = 0,
+) -> Iterable[T]:
     if depth == max_depth or is_leave(o):
         yield o
         return
     for child in get_children(o):
-        yield from _flatten_with_func(child, max_depth, is_leave, get_children, depth + 1)
+        yield from flatten_with_func(
+            child, max_depth, is_leave, get_children, depth + 1
+        )
 
 
-class _Action(Enum):
+class _StepActionKind(Enum):
     SKIP = 0
+    # TODO: Rename this
     SEND = 1
     STOP = 2
     AGGREGATE = 3
 
 
 @dataclass
-class _Result(Generic[T]):
-    Action: ClassVar[type[_Action]] = _Action
+class _StepAction(Generic[T]):
+    value: Iterable[_StepAction[T]] | T | None
+    kind: _StepActionKind
+
+    @property
+    def non_aggregate_value(self) -> T:
+        assert self.kind != _StepActionKind.AGGREGATE
+        return cast(T, self.value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def skip() -> _StepAction[T]:
+        return _StepAction(None, _StepActionKind.SKIP)
 
-    value: T | O | None
-    action: Action
+    @staticmethod
+    def send(value: T | None) -> _StepAction[T]:
+        return _StepAction(value, _StepActionKind.SEND)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def skip() -> "_Result"[T]:
-        return _Result(None, _Action.SKIP)
+    def stop(value: T | None = None) -> _StepAction[T]:
+        return _StepAction(value, _StepActionKind.STOP)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def aggregate(*results: _StepAction[T]) -> _StepAction[T]:
+        return _StepAction(results, _StepActionKind.AGGREGATE)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def send_last(value: Any) -> _StepAction[T]:
+        return _StepAction.aggregate(_StepAction.send(value), _StepAction.stop())
+
+    def flatten(self) -> Iterable[_StepAction[T]]:
+        return flatten_with_func(
+            self,
+            -1,
+            lambda r: r.kind != _StepActionKind.AGGREGATE,
+            lambda r: cast(Iterable[_StepAction[T]], r.value),
+        )
+
+
+_r_skip = _StepAction.skip
+_r_send = _StepAction.send
+_r_stop = _StepAction.stop
+_r_send_last = _StepAction.send_last
+_r_aggregate = _StepAction.aggregate
+
+
+_GeneralStepAction: TypeAlias = _StepAction[T] | T | None
+_GeneralStepActionConverter: TypeAlias = Callable[
+    [_GeneralStepAction[T]], _StepAction[T]
+]
+_IterateOperation = Callable[[T, int], _GeneralStepAction[O]]
+_IteratePreHook = Callable[[Iterable[T]], _GeneralStepAction[O]]
+_IteratePostHook = Callable[[int], _GeneralStepAction[O]]
+
+
+class CruGenericIterableMeta:
+    StepActionKind = _StepActionKind
+    StepAction = _StepAction
+    GeneralStepAction = _GeneralStepAction
+    GeneralStepActionConverter = _GeneralStepActionConverter
+    IterateOperation = _IterateOperation
+    IteratePreHook = _IteratePreHook
+    IteratePostHook = _IteratePostHook
 
     @staticmethod
-    def send(value: Any) -> "_Result"[T]:
-        return _Result(value, _Action.SEND)
+    def _non_result_to_send(value: O | None) -> _StepAction[O]:
+        return _StepAction.send(value)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def stop(value: Any = None) -> "_Result"[T]:
-        return _Result(value, _Action.STOP)
+    def _non_result_to_stop(value: O | None) -> _StepAction[O]:
+        return _StepAction.stop(value)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def aggregate(*result: "_Result"[T]) -> "_Result"[T]:
-        return _Result(result, _Action.AGGREGATE)
+    def _none_pre_iterate() -> _StepAction[O]:
+        return _r_skip()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def send_last(value: Any) -> "_Result"[T]:
-        return _Result.aggregate(_Result.send(value), _Result.stop())
+    def _none_post_iterate(
+        _index: int,
+    ) -> _StepAction[O]:
+        return _r_skip()
 
-    def flatten(self) -> Iterable["_Result"[T]]:
-        return _flatten_with_func(self, -1, lambda r: r.action != _Action.AGGREGATE, lambda r: r.value)
+    def iterate(
+        self,
+        operation: _IterateOperation[T, O],
+        fallback_return: O,
+        pre_iterate: _IteratePreHook[T, O],
+        post_iterate: _IteratePostHook[O],
+        convert_non_result: Callable[[O | None], _StepAction[O]],
+    ) -> Generator[O, None, O]:
+        pre_result = pre_iterate(self._iterable)
+        if not isinstance(pre_result, _StepAction):
+            real_pre_result = convert_non_result(pre_result)
+        for r in real_pre_result.flatten():
+            if r.kind == _StepActionKind.STOP:
+                return r.non_aggregate_value
+            elif r.kind == _StepActionKind.SEND:
+                yield r.non_aggregate_value
 
+        for index, element in enumerate(self._iterable):
+            result = operation(element, index)
+            if not isinstance(result, _StepAction):
+                real_result = convert_non_result(result)
+            for r in real_result.flatten():
+                if r.kind == _StepActionKind.STOP:
+                    return r.non_aggregate_value
+                elif r.kind == _StepActionKind.SEND:
+                    yield r.non_aggregate_value
+                else:
+                    continue
 
-_r_skip = _Result.skip
-_r_send = _Result.send
-_r_stop = _Result.stop
-_r_send_last = _Result.send_last
-_r_aggregate = _Result.aggregate
+        post_result = post_iterate(index + 1)
+        if not isinstance(post_result, _StepAction):
+            real_post_result = convert_non_result(post_result)
+        for r in real_post_result.flatten():
+            if r.kind == _StepActionKind.STOP:
+                return r.non_aggregate_value
+            elif r.kind == _StepActionKind.SEND:
+                yield r.non_aggregate_value
+
+        return fallback_return
+
+    def _new(
+        self,
+        operation: _IterateOperation,
+        fallback_return: O,
+        /,
+        pre_iterate: _IteratePreHook[T, O] | None = None,
+        post_iterate: _IteratePostHook[O] | None = None,
+    ) -> CruIterableWrapper:
+        return CruIterableWrapper(
+            self.iterate(
+                operation,
+                fallback_return,
+                pre_iterate or CruIterableWrapper._none_pre_iterate,
+                post_iterate or CruIterableWrapper._none_post_iterate,
+                CruIterableWrapper._non_result_to_send,
+            ),
+            self._create_new_upstream(),
+        )
+
+    def _result(
+        self,
+        operation: _IterateOperation,
+        fallback_return: O,
+        /,
+        result_transform: SelfElementTransformer[O] | None = None,
+        pre_iterate: _IteratePreHook[T, O] | None = None,
+        post_iterate: _IteratePostHook[O] | None = None,
+    ) -> O:
+        try:
+            for _ in self.iterate(
+                operation,
+                fallback_return,
+                pre_iterate or CruIterableWrapper._none_pre_iterate,
+                post_iterate or CruIterableWrapper._none_post_iterate,
+                CruIterableWrapper._non_result_to_stop,
+            ):
+                pass
+        except StopIteration as stop:
+            return (
+                stop.value if result_transform is None else result_transform(stop.value)
+            )
+        raise RuntimeError("Should not reach here")
 
 
-class _Defaults:
+class IterDefaultResults:
     @staticmethod
     def true(_):
         return True
@@ -90,35 +240,30 @@ class _Defaults:
 
     @staticmethod
     def not_found(_):
-        return CRU_NOT_FOUND
-
-
-def _default_upstream() -> Iterable[Iterable]:
-    return iter([])
-
-
-CruIterableUpstream = Iterable[Iterable]
-CruIterableOptionalUpstream = CruIterableUpstream | None
+        return CruNotFound.VALUE
 
 
 class CruIterableCreators:
     @staticmethod
-    def with_(o: Any, /, upstreams: CruIterableOptionalUpstream = _default_upstream()) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
-        return CruIterableWrapper(iter(o), upstreams)
+    def with_(o: Any) -> CruIterableWrapper:
+        return CruIterableWrapper(iter(o))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def empty(upstreams: CruIterableOptionalUpstream = _default_upstream()) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
-        return CruIterableCreators.with_([], upstreams)
+    def empty() -> CruIterableWrapper:
+        return CruIterableCreators.with_([])
 
     @staticmethod
-    def range(a, b=None, c=None, /, upstreams: CruIterableOptionalUpstream = _default_upstream()) -> \
-    "CruIterableWrapper"[int]:
+    def range(
+        a,
+        b=None,
+        c=None,
+    ) -> CruIterableWrapper[int]:
         args = [arg for arg in [a, b, c] if arg is not None]
-        return CruIterableCreators.with_(range(*args), upstreams)
+        return CruIterableCreators.with_(range(*args))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def unite(*args: T, upstreams: CruIterableOptionalUpstream = _default_upstream()) -> "CruIterableWrapper"[T]:
-        return CruIterableCreators.with_(args, upstreams)
+    def unite(*args: T) -> CruIterableWrapper[T]:
+        return CruIterableCreators.with_(args)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _concat(*iterables: Iterable) -> Iterable:
@@ -126,138 +271,95 @@ class CruIterableCreators:
             yield from iterable
 
     @staticmethod
-    def concat(*iterables: Iterable,
-               upstreams: CruIterableOptionalUpstream = _default_upstream()) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
-        return CruIterableWrapper(CruIterableCreators._concat(*iterables), upstreams)
+    def concat(*iterables: Iterable) -> CruIterableWrapper:
+        return CruIterableWrapper(CruIterableCreators._concat(*iterables))
 
 
 class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
-    Upstream = CruIterableUpstream
-    OptionalUpstream = CruIterableOptionalUpstream
-    _Result = _Result[T]
-    _Operation = Callable[[T, int], _Result | Any | None]
 
-    def __init__(self, iterable: Iterable[T], /, upstreams: OptionalUpstream = _default_upstream()) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        iterable: Iterable[T],
+    ) -> None:
         self._iterable = iterable
-        self._upstreams = None if upstreams is None else list(upstreams)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self._iterable.__iter__()
 
     @property
     def me(self) -> Iterable[T]:
         return self._iterable
 
-    # TODO: Return Type
-    @property
-    def my_upstreams(self) -> Optional["CruIterableWrapper"]:
-        if self._upstreams is None:
-            return None
-        return CruIterableWrapper(iter(self._upstreams))
-
-    def disable_my_upstreams(self) -> "CruIterableWrapper"[T]:
-        return CruIterableWrapper(self._iterable, None)
-
-    def clear_my_upstreams(self) -> "CruIterableWrapper"[T]:
-        return CruIterableWrapper(self._iterable)
-
-    def _create_upstreams_prepend_self(self) -> Upstream:
-        yield self._iterable
-        yield self.my_upstreams
-
-    # TODO: Return Type
-    def _create_new_upstreams(self, append: bool = True) -> Optional["CruIterableWrapper"]:
-        if not append: return self.my_upstreams
-        if self.my_upstreams is None:
-            return None
-        return CruIterableWrapper(self._create_upstreams_prepend_self())
-
-    def clone_me(self, /, update_upstreams: bool = True) -> "CruIterableWrapper"[T]:
-        return CruIterableWrapper(self._iterable, self._create_new_upstreams(update_upstreams))
-
-    def replace_me_with(self, iterable: Iterable[O], /, update_upstreams: bool = True) -> "CruIterableWrapper"[O]:
-        return CruIterableCreators.with_(iterable, upstreams=self._create_new_upstreams(update_upstreams))
-
-    def replace_me_with_empty(self, /, update_upstreams: bool = True) -> "CruIterableWrapper"[O]:
-        return CruIterableCreators.empty(upstreams=self._create_new_upstreams(update_upstreams))
-
-    def replace_me_with_range(self, a, b=None, c=None, /, update_upstreams: bool = True) -> "CruIterableWrapper"[int]:
-        return CruIterableCreators.range(a, b, c, upstreams=self._create_new_upstreams(update_upstreams))
-
-    def replace_me_with_unite(self, *args: O, update_upstreams: bool = True) -> "CruIterableWrapper"[O]:
-        return CruIterableCreators.unite(*args, upstreams=self._create_new_upstreams(update_upstreams))
-
-    def replace_me_with_concat(self, *iterables: Iterable, update_upstreams: bool = True) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
-        return CruIterableCreators.concat(*iterables, upstreams=self._create_new_upstreams(update_upstreams))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _non_result_to_yield(value: Any | None) -> _Result:
-        return _Result.stop(value)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _non_result_to_return(value: Any | None) -> _Result:
-        return _Result.stop(value)
+    def replace_me_with(self, iterable: Iterable[O]) -> CruIterableWrapper[O]:
+        return CruIterableCreators.with_(iterable)
 
-    def _real_iterate(self, operation: _Operation,
-                      convert_non_result: Callable[[Any | None], _Result]) -> Iterable:
+    def replace_me_with_empty(self) -> CruIterableWrapper[O]:
+        return CruIterableCreators.empty()
 
-        for index, element in enumerate(self._iterable):
-            result = operation(element, index)
-            if not isinstance(result, _Result):
-                result = convert_non_result(result)
-            for result in result.flatten():
-                if result.action == _Result.Action.STOP:
-                    return result.value
-                elif result.action == _Result.Action.SEND:
-                    yield result.value
-                else:
-                    continue
+    def replace_me_with_range(self, a, b=None, c=None) -> CruIterableWrapper[int]:
+        return CruIterableCreators.range(a, b, c)
 
-    def _new(self, operation: _Operation) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
-        return CruIterableWrapper(self._real_iterate(operation, CruIterableWrapper._non_result_to_yield),
-                                  self._create_new_upstreams())
+    def replace_me_with_unite(self, *args: O) -> CruIterableWrapper[O]:
+        return CruIterableCreators.unite(*args)
 
-    def _result(self, operation: _Operation,
-                result_transform: OptionalElementTransformer[T, T | O] = None) -> T | O:
-        try:
-            self._real_iterate(operation, CruIterableWrapper._non_result_to_return)
-        except StopIteration as stop:
-            return stop.value if result_transform is None else result_transform(stop.value)
+    def replace_me_with_concat(self, *iterables: Iterable) -> CruIterableWrapper:
+        return CruIterableCreators.concat(*iterables)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _make_set(iterable: Iterable, discard: Iterable | None) -> set:
+    def _make_set(iterable: Iterable[O], discard: Iterable[Any] | None) -> set[O]:
         s = set(iterable)
         if discard is not None:
             s = s - set(discard)
         return s
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _make_list(iterable: Iterable, discard: Iterable | None) -> list:
-        if discard is None: return list(iterable)
+    def _make_list(iterable: Iterable[O], discard: Iterable[Any] | None) -> list[O]:
+        if discard is None:
+            return list(iterable)
         return [v for v in iterable if v not in discard]
 
-    # noinspection PyMethodMayBeStatic
-    def _help_make_set(self, iterable: Iterable, discard: Iterable | None = iter([None])) -> set:
+    def _help_make_set(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[O], discard: Iterable[Any] | None
+    ) -> set[O]:
         return CruIterableWrapper._make_set(iterable, discard)
 
-    # noinspection PyMethodMayBeStatic
-    def _help_make_list(self, iterable: Iterable, discard: Iterable | None = iter([None])) -> list:
+    def _help_make_list(
+        self, iterable: Iterable[O], discard: Iterable[Any] | None
+    ) -> list[O]:
         return CruIterableWrapper._make_list(iterable, discard)
 
-    def to_set(self, discard: Iterable | None = None) -> set[T]:
+    def to_set(self, discard: Iterable[Any] | None = None) -> set[T]:
         return CruIterableWrapper._make_set(self.me, discard)
 
-    def to_list(self, discard: Iterable | None = None) -> list[T]:
+    def to_list(self, discard: Iterable[Any] | None = None) -> list[T]:
         return CruIterableWrapper._make_list(self.me, discard)
 
-    def copy(self) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
-        return CruIterableWrapper(iter(self.to_list()), self._create_new_upstreams())
+    def copy(self) -> CruIterableWrapper:
+        return CruIterableWrapper(iter(self.to_list()), self._create_new_upstream())
 
-    def concat(self, *iterable: Iterable[T]) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
-        return self.replace_me_with_concat(self.me, *iterable)
+    def new_start(
+        self, other: Iterable[O], /, clear_upstream: bool = False
+    ) -> CruIterableWrapper[O]:
+        return CruIterableWrapper(
+            other, None if clear_upstream else self._create_new_upstream()
+        )
+
+    @overload
+    def concat(self) -> Self: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def concat(
+        self, *iterable: Iterable[Any], last: Iterable[O]
+    ) -> CruIterableWrapper[O]: ...
+
+    def concat(self, *iterable: Iterable[Any]) -> CruIterableWrapper[Any]:  # type: ignore
+        return self.new_start(CruIterableCreators.concat(self.me, *iterable))
 
     def all(self, predicate: ElementPredicate[T]) -> bool:
         """
         partial
         """
-        return self._result(lambda v, _: predicate(v) and None, _Defaults.true)
+        return self._result(lambda v, _: predicate(v) and None, IterDefaultResults.true)
 
     def all_isinstance(self, *types: OptionalType) -> bool:
         """
@@ -270,21 +372,23 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
         """
         partial
         """
-        return self._result(lambda v, _: predicate(v) or None, _Defaults.false)
+        return self._result(lambda v, _: predicate(v) or None, IterDefaultResults.false)
 
-    def number(self) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
+    def number(self) -> CruIterableWrapper:
         """
         partial
         """
         return self._new(lambda _, i: i)
 
-    def take(self, predicate: ElementPredicate[T]) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
+    def take(self, predicate: ElementPredicate[T]) -> CruIterableWrapper:
         """
         complete
         """
         return self._new(lambda v, _: _r_send(v) if predicate(v) else None)
 
-    def transform(self, *transformers: OptionalElementTransformer) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
+    def transform(
+        self, *transformers: OptionalElementTransformer
+    ) -> CruIterableWrapper:
         """
         complete
         """
@@ -297,7 +401,7 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
 
         return self._new(_transform_element)
 
-    def take_n(self, max_count: int, neg_is_clone: bool = True) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
+    def take_n(self, max_count: int, neg_is_clone: bool = True) -> CruIterableWrapper:
         """
         partial
         """
@@ -308,17 +412,23 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
                 raise ValueError("max_count must be 0 or positive.")
         elif max_count == 0:
             return self.drop_all()
-        return self._new(lambda v, i: _r_send(v) if i < max_count - 1 else _r_send_last(v))
+        return self._new(
+            lambda v, i: _r_send(v) if i < max_count - 1 else _r_send_last(v)
+        )
 
-    def take_by_indices(self, *indices: OptionalIndex) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
+    def take_by_indices(self, *indices: OptionalIndex) -> CruIterableWrapper:
         """
         partial
         """
         indices = self._help_make_set(indices)
         max_index = max(indices)
-        return self.take_n(max_index + 1)._new(lambda v, i: _r_send(v) if i in indices else None)
+        return self.take_n(max_index + 1)._new(
+            lambda v, i: _r_send(v) if i in indices else None
+        )
 
-    def single_or(self, fallback: Any | None = CRU_NOT_FOUND) -> T | Any | CRU_NOT_FOUND:
+    def single_or(
+        self, fallback: Any | None = CRU_NOT_FOUND
+    ) -> T | Any | CRU_NOT_FOUND:
         """
         partial
         """
@@ -335,14 +445,18 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
         else:
             return fallback
 
-    def first_or(self, predicate: ElementPredicate[T], fallback: Any | None = CRU_NOT_FOUND) -> T | CRU_NOT_FOUND:
+    def first_or(
+        self, predicate: ElementPredicate[T], fallback: Any | None = CRU_NOT_FOUND
+    ) -> T | CRU_NOT_FOUND:
         """
         partial
         """
         result_iterable = self.take_n(1).single_or()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def first_index(iterable: Iterable[T], predicate: ElementPredicate[T]) -> int | CRU_NOT_FOUND:
+    def first_index(
+        iterable: Iterable[T], predicate: ElementPredicate[T]
+    ) -> int | CRU_NOT_FOUND:
         """
         partial
         """
@@ -351,7 +465,9 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
                 return index
 
     @staticmethod
-    def take_indices(iterable: Iterable[T], predicate: ElementPredicate[T]) -> Iterable[int]:
+    def take_indices(
+        iterable: Iterable[T], predicate: ElementPredicate[T]
+    ) -> Iterable[int]:
         """
         complete
         """
@@ -360,8 +476,12 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
                 yield index
 
     @staticmethod
-    def flatten(o, max_depth=-1, is_leave: ElementPredicate | None = None,
-                get_children: OptionalElementTransformer = None) -> Iterable:
+    def flatten(
+        o,
+        max_depth=-1,
+        is_leave: ElementPredicate | None = None,
+        get_children: OptionalElementTransformer = None,
+    ) -> Iterable:
         """
         complete
         """
@@ -369,7 +489,9 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
             is_leave = lambda v: not isinstance(v, Iterable)
         if get_children is None:
             get_children = lambda v: v
-        return CruIterableWrapper._flatten_with_func(o, max_depth, is_leave, get_children)
+        return CruIterableWrapper._flatten_with_func(
+            o, max_depth, is_leave, get_children
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def skip_by_indices(iterable: Iterable[T], *indices: OptionalIndex) -> Iterable[T]:
@@ -390,7 +512,7 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
             if not predicate(element):
                 yield element
 
-    def drop_all(self) -> "CruIterableWrapper":
+    def drop_all(self) -> CruIterableWrapper:
         return self.replace_me_with_empty()
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -407,7 +529,8 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
 
     @staticmethod
     def foreach(iterable: Iterable[T], *f: OptionalElementOperation[T]) -> None:
-        if len(f) == 0: return
+        if len(f) == 0:
+            return
         for v in iterable:
             for f_ in f:
                 if f_ is not None:
@@ -415,7 +538,8 @@ class CruIterableWrapper(Generic[T]):
 
     @staticmethod
     def make(v: CanBeList[T], /, none_to_empty_list: bool = True) -> list[T]:
-        if v is None and none_to_empty_list: return []
+        if v is None and none_to_empty_list:
+            return []
         return list(v) if isinstance(v, Iterable) else [v]
 
 
@@ -457,7 +581,9 @@ class ListOperations:
         return _God.new(iterable, lambda v, _: _God.yield_(v) if predicate(v) else None)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def transform(iterable: Iterable[T], *transformers: OptionalElementTransformer) -> Iterable:
+    def transform(
+        iterable: Iterable[T], *transformers: OptionalElementTransformer
+    ) -> Iterable:
         """
         complete
         """
@@ -479,7 +605,9 @@ class ListOperations:
             return iterable
         elif n == 0:
             return []
-        return range(n)._god_yield(iterable, lambda v, i: _yield(v) if i < n else _return())
+        return range(n)._god_yield(
+            iterable, lambda v, i: _yield(v) if i < n else _return()
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def take_by_indices(iterable: Iterable[T], *indices: OptionalIndex) -> Iterable[T]:
@@ -502,7 +630,9 @@ class ListOperations:
         return CRU_NOT_FOUND
 
     @staticmethod
-    def first_index(iterable: Iterable[T], predicate: ElementPredicate[T]) -> int | CRU_NOT_FOUND:
+    def first_index(
+        iterable: Iterable[T], predicate: ElementPredicate[T]
+    ) -> int | CRU_NOT_FOUND:
         """
         partial
         """
@@ -511,7 +641,9 @@ class ListOperations:
                 return index
 
     @staticmethod
-    def take_indices(iterable: Iterable[T], predicate: ElementPredicate[T]) -> Iterable[int]:
+    def take_indices(
+        iterable: Iterable[T], predicate: ElementPredicate[T]
+    ) -> Iterable[int]:
         """
         complete
         """
@@ -567,7 +699,8 @@ class ListOperations:
 
     @staticmethod
     def foreach(iterable: Iterable[T], *f: OptionalElementOperation[T]) -> None:
-        if len(f) == 0: return
+        if len(f) == 0:
+            return
         for v in iterable:
             for f_ in f:
                 if f_ is not None:
@@ -575,7 +708,8 @@ class ListOperations:
 
     @staticmethod
     def make(v: CanBeList[T], /, none_to_empty_list: bool = True) -> list[T]:
-        if v is None and none_to_empty_list: return []
+        if v is None and none_to_empty_list:
+            return []
         return list(v) if isinstance(v, Iterable) else [v]
 
 
@@ -629,7 +763,9 @@ class CruList(list, Generic[T]):
     def transform(self, *f: OptionalElementTransformer) -> "CruList"[Any]:
         return CruList(ListOperations.transform(self, *f))
 
-    def transform_if(self, f: OptionalElementTransformer, p: ElementPredicate[T]) -> "CruList"[Any]:
+    def transform_if(
+        self, f: OptionalElementTransformer, p: ElementPredicate[T]
+    ) -> "CruList"[Any]:
         return CruList(ListOperations.transform_if(self, f, p))
 
     def remove_by_indices(self, *index: int) -> "CruList"[T]:
@@ -670,7 +806,9 @@ class CruInplaceList(CruList, Generic[T]):
     def transform(self, *f: OptionalElementTransformer) -> "CruInplaceList"[Any]:
         return self.reset(super().transform(*f))
 
-    def transform_if(self, f: OptionalElementTransformer, p: ElementPredicate[T]) -> "CruInplaceList"[Any]:
+    def transform_if(
+        self, f: OptionalElementTransformer, p: ElementPredicate[T]
+    ) -> "CruInplaceList"[Any]:
         return self.reset(super().transform_if(f, p))
 
     def remove_by_indices(self, *index: int) -> "CruInplaceList"[T]:
@@ -682,7 +820,9 @@ class CruInplaceList(CruList, Generic[T]):
     def remove_all_value(self, *r: Any) -> "CruInplaceList"[T]:
         return self.reset(super().remove_all_value(*r))
 
-    def replace_all_value(self, old_value: Any, new_value: R) -> "CruInplaceList"[T | R]:
+    def replace_all_value(
+        self, old_value: Any, new_value: R
+    ) -> "CruInplaceList"[T | R]:
         return self.reset(super().replace_all_value(old_value, new_value))
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -696,7 +836,9 @@ K = TypeVar("K")
 class CruUniqueKeyInplaceList(Generic[T, K]):
     KeyGetter = Callable[[T], K]
 
-    def __init__(self, get_key: KeyGetter, *, before_add: Callable[[T], T] | None = None):
+    def __init__(
+        self, get_key: KeyGetter, *, before_add: Callable[[T], T] | None = None
+    ):
         super().__init__()
         self._get_key = get_key
         self._before_add = before_add
@@ -733,7 +875,8 @@ class CruUniqueKeyInplaceList(Generic[T, K]):
 
     def try_remove(self, k: K) -> bool:
         i = self._l.find_index_if(lambda v: k == self._get_key(v))
-        if i is CRU_NOT_FOUND: return False
+        if i is CRU_NOT_FOUND:
+            return False
         self._l.remove_by_indices(i)
         return True
 
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_type.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_type.py
index dc50def..dc50def 100644
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_type.py
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/_util/_type.py
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/attr.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/attr.py
index 32cca8d..a52585a 100644
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/attr.py
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/attr.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
-from .util import CanBeList, TypeSet, F, L, WF, CruUniqueKeyInplaceList, CRU_NOT_FOUND, CRU_USE_DEFAULT, \
+from ._util import CanBeList, TypeSet, F, L, WF, CruUniqueKeyInplaceList, CRU_NOT_FOUND, CRU_USE_DEFAULT, \
     CRU_DONT_CHANGE, CRU_PLACEHOLDER
 
 
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/excp.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/excp.py
index 358ad90..9ea204e 100644
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/excp.py
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/excp.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 from .attr import CruAttrDefRegistry, CruAttr, CruAttrTable
-from .util import CRU_NOT_FOUND, CruList, CRU_USE_DEFAULT
+from ._util import CRU_NOT_FOUND, CruList, CRU_USE_DEFAULT
 
 CRU_EXCEPTION_ATTR_DEF_REGISTRY = CruAttrDefRegistry()
 
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/service/docker.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/service/docker.py
index a57a246..5958f4f 100644
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/service/docker.py
+++ b/tools/cru-py/cru/service/docker.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 
-from ..util import L
+from .._util import L
 
 
 class DockerController:
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/__init__.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/util/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ecd9673..0000000
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any
-
-from ._const import cru_make_unique_object, cru_make_bool_unique_object, CRU_NOT_FOUND, CRU_USE_DEFAULT, \
-    CRU_DONT_CHANGE, \
-    CRU_PLACEHOLDER
-from ._func import CruFunction, CruFunctionMeta, CruRawFunctions, CruWrappedFunctions, CruFunctionGenerators
-from ._list import CruList, CruInplaceList, CruUniqueKeyInplaceList, ListOperations, CanBeList, ElementOperation, \
-    ElementPredicate, ElementTransformer, OptionalElementOperation, ElementPredicate, OptionalElementTransformer
-from ._type import TypeSet
-
-F = CruFunction
-WF = CruWrappedFunctions
-FG = CruFunctionGenerators
-L = CruList
-
-
-__all__ = [
-    "CRU_NOT_FOUND", "CRU_USE_DEFAULT", "CRU_DONT_CHANGE", "CRU_PLACEHOLDER",
-    "CruFunction", "CruFunctionMeta", "CruRawFunctions", "CruWrappedFunctions", "CruFunctionGenerators",
-    "CruList", "CruInplaceList", "CruUniqueKeyInplaceList", "ListOperations",
-    "CanBeList", "ElementOperation", "ElementPredicate", "ElementTransformer",
-    "OptionalElementOperation", "ElementPredicate", "OptionalElementTransformer",
-    "TypeSet",
-    "F", "WF", "FG", "L"
-]
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_const.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_const.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8140988..0000000
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_const.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any
-
-from ._cru import CRU
-
-
-def cru_make_unique_object() -> Any:
-    class _CruUnique:
-        _i = False
-
-        def __init__(self):
-            if self._i:
-                raise ValueError("_CruAttrNotSet is a singleton!")
-            self._i = True
-
-        def __copy__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __eq__(self, other):
-            return isinstance(other, _CruUnique)
-
-    v = _CruUnique()
-
-    return v
-
-
-def cru_make_bool_unique_object(b: bool) -> Any:
-    class _CruBoolUnique:
-        _i = False
-
-        def __init__(self):
-            super().__init__(b)
-            if self._i:
-                raise ValueError("_CruAttrNotSet is a singleton!")
-            self._i = True
-
-        def __copy__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __eq__(self, other):
-            return isinstance(other, _CruBoolUnique) or b == other
-
-        def __bool__(self):
-            return b
-
-    v = _CruBoolUnique()
-
-    return v
-
-
-CRU_NOT_FOUND = cru_make_bool_unique_object(False)
-CRU_USE_DEFAULT = cru_make_unique_object()
-CRU_DONT_CHANGE = cru_make_unique_object()
-CRU_PLACEHOLDER = cru_make_unique_object()
-
-CRU.add_objects(cru_make_unique_object, cru_make_bool_unique_object, CRU_NOT_FOUND, CRU_USE_DEFAULT,
-                CRU_DONT_CHANGE, CRU_PLACEHOLDER)
diff --git a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_func.py b/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_func.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d9f8044..0000000
--- a/tools/cru-py/cru/util/_func.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from typing import TypeVar
-
-from ._cru import CRU
-from ._const import CRU_PLACEHOLDER
-
-T = TypeVar("T")
-
-_PLACEHOLDER = CRU_PLACEHOLDER
-
-class CruRawFunctions:
-    @staticmethod
-    def none(*_v, **_kwargs) -> None:
-        return None
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def true(*_v, **_kwargs) -> True:
-        return True
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def false(*_v, **_kwargs) -> False:
-        return False
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def identity(v: T) -> T:
-        return v
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def only_you(v: T, *_v, **_kwargs) -> T:
-        return v
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def equal(a, b) -> bool:
-        return a == b
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def not_equal(a, b) -> bool:
-        return a != b
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def not_(v):
-        return not v
-
-
-class CruFunctionMeta:
-    @staticmethod
-    def bind(func: Callable, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs) -> Callable:
-        def bound_func(*args, **kwargs):
-            popped = 0
-            real_args = []
-            for arg in bind_args:
-                if arg is _PLACEHOLDER:
-                    real_args.append(args[popped])
-                    popped += 1
-                else:
-                    real_args.append(arg)
-            real_args.extend(args[popped:])
-            return func(*real_args, **(bind_kwargs | kwargs))
-
-        return bound_func
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def chain(*funcs: Callable) -> Callable:
-        if len(funcs) == 0:
-            raise ValueError("At least one function is required!")
-
-        final_func = funcs[0]
-        for func in funcs[1:]:
-            func_copy = func
-
-            def chained_func(*args, **kwargs):
-                results = final_func(*args, **kwargs)
-                results = results if isinstance(results, tuple) else (results,)
-                return func_copy(*results)
-
-            final_func = chained_func
-
-        return final_func
-
-
-# Advanced Function Wrapper
-class CruFunction:
-    def __init__(self, f: Callable):
-        self._f = f
-
-    @property
-    def f(self) -> Callable:
-        return self._f
-
-    @property
-    def func(self) -> Callable:
-        return self.f
-
-    def bind(self, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs) -> "CruFunction":
-        self._f = CruFunctionMeta.bind(self._f, *bind_args, **bind_kwargs)
-        return self
-
-    def chain(self, *funcs: Callable) -> "CruFunction":
-        self._f = CruFunctionMeta.chain(self._f, *funcs)
-        return self
-
-    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self._f(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def make_chain(base_func: Callable, *funcs: Callable) -> "CruFunction":
-        return CruFunction(base_func).chain(*funcs)
-
-
-class CruWrappedFunctions:
-    none = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.none)
-    true = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.true)
-    false = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.false)
-    identity = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.identity)
-    only_you = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.only_you)
-    equal = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.equal)
-    not_equal = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.not_equal)
-    not_ = CruFunction(CruRawFunctions.not_)
-
-
-class CruFunctionGenerators:
-    @staticmethod
-    def make_isinstance_of_types(*types: type) -> Callable:
-        return CruFunction(lambda v: type(v) in types)
-
-CRU.add_objects(CruRawFunctions, CruFunctionMeta, CruFunction, CruWrappedFunctions, CruFunctionGenerators)