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+[[!meta copyright="Copyright © 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc."]]
+
+[[!meta license="""[[!toggle id="license" text="GFDL 1.2+"]][[!toggleable
+id="license" text="Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
+Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license
+is included in the section entitled [[GNU Free Documentation
+License|/fdl]]."]]"""]]
+
+[[!meta title="UNIX"]]
+
+*UNIX* is a [[kernel]] implementation.
+
+
+# External
+
+  * Wikipedia page about [[!wikipedia UNIX]].
+
+  * [*Standardizing
+    UNIX*](http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=691503), an
+    article by David Chisnall.
+
+  * The first in the series, {{$2010_brown_ghosts_1}} introduces the concepts
+    of [[file_descriptor]]s and the single, hierarchical [[namespace]].
+
+    Next, {{$2010_brown_ghosts_2}} discusses issues with *conflated designs*
+    such as the `mount` command (a problem we have partly solved / solved
+    differently with our [[hurd/translator]] approach and the
+    [[hurd/virtual_file_system]]), and the plethora of flags that can be passed
+    to the `open` [[system_call]].
+
+    In {{$2010_brown_ghosts_3}}, he deals with *unfixable designs*, such as
+    [[UNIX signals|glibc/signals]] and the *UNIX permission model* (which is
+    clearly inferior to a [[capability]]-based system).
+
+  * [*UNIX File Permissions*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/2004/perms.html)
+    (2004) by Richard Kettlewell.  ([[!taglink open_issue_documentation]]<!--
+    TODO: split out UNIX permission stuff into unix/file_permissions or
+    something.  -->)
+
+
+[[!ymlfront data="""
+
+djb_self-pipe:
+
+    D. J. Bernstein's [*self-pipe trick*](http://cr.yp.to/docs/selfpipe.html)
+
+rjk_fork:
+
+    Richard Kettlewell's suggestions about [*how fork(2) ought to
+    be*](http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/fork.html)
+
+2010_brown_ghosts_1:
+
+    "Neil Brown's 2010-10-27 article [*Ghosts of Unix Past: a historical search
+    for design patterns*](http://lwn.net/Articles/411845/)"
+
+2010_brown_ghosts_2:
+
+    "Neil Brown's 2010-11-04 article [*Ghosts of Unix past, part 2: Conflated
+    designs*](http://lwn.net/Articles/412131/)"
+
+2010_brown_ghosts_3:
+
+    "Neil Brown's 2010-11-16 article [*Ghosts of Unix past, part 3: Unfixable
+    designs*](http://lwn.net/Articles/414618/)"
+
+"""]]